Iranian Journal of hand woven carpet

Qualitative Study in Role and Position of Artistic Families in Kerman Carpet With Emphasis on Shahrokhi Family

Iman Zakariaee Kermani

Artistic guild systems can be considered as one of the most important factors in the formation and survival of traditional arts, that is the continuation of the system of master and apprenticeship. In structure of traditional arts, artistic families are one of the components of these guild systems. Hence, we could to consider artistic families as a potential for the preservation and excellence of traditional arts. If we have a passing overview to artistic families, it will be clear that many artistic experiences and secrets pass from one generation to the next. Kerman can be considered as one of the cultural regions in the southeast of Iran from the millennia; therefore, the contexts for the growth of traditional arts has been provided in this cultural ecosystem throughout history. The rug and carpet waving is one of the most important traditional arts in Kerman. An important part of the cultural tradition of Kerman carpet is dependent on the dynamics and richness of artistic families and among the numerous artistic families in history of Kerman’s carpet, Shahrokhi's family has a significant position.
In this research, the main purpose is to answer this question: what is the role and position of artistic families in Kerman carpet with emphasis on Shahrokhi's family? Therefore, in order to achieve the main goals of the research, qualitative research method (interpretive) has been used and the data of this research have been gathered by documentary and field method (interview and observation). The results of this study have been derived from the conventional content analysis of informal interviews with 10 informed individuals in this field.
One of the most important results of this research is that the artistic families are cultural-socio-economic capacities that can boost the cultural and artistic levels of handmade carpet in Kerman. In addition, the strengthening of artistic families will strengthen the cultural values and identity of the community. The role and position of the Shahrokhi family artists in society of Kerman carpet is dependent on value systems and cultural field. In this field, economic and cultural capital causes changes in the social degree of artists and changes social degrees shape the dynamic position of them in the cultural systems. The role of artists also depends on their positions; therefore, degree, position and role are three components that are continuous and related to each other in relation to the role and position of the Shahrokhi family artists.

The Study of the Formal Structure of Pattern and Design of Yek-sar Nazem Rugs of Fars Province from Qajar Era to the Contemporary Period

Ali Vandshoari

In the domain of rural and nomadic carpet weaving of Fars Province, there are various common patterns and designs. One of these famous patterns is called Yeksar Nazem which, in the past, solely belonged to Qashqai and Kashkouli tribes but, at present, is popular in other areas of Fars Province as well. The main feature of this pattern is its general structure and elements which have been skeptically categorized by researchers in different contextual forms. This pattern has been studied by some researchers among Mehrabi carpets and Darghahi pattern which opens to a garden. The aim of this research is to study the main features of Yeksar Nazem pattern and to identify its main elements in Fars Province carpets so that its pattern of change from Qajar to the present period can be obtained. This study is descriptive-analytic which qualitatively analyzes the main elements of Yeksar Nazem carpets of Fars Province in two groups of old and new carpets. The method of data collection is field and library study. 50 samples of Yeksar Nazem carpets were considered as the main data pool, out of which, and based on the available frequencies, 10 carpets were purposefully (non-randomly) selected as old carper samples and 10 carpets as new ones. The results indicate that the structural form of the pattern and the main features of Yeksar Nazem carpets have observed changes in the structure and the attitude towards the content of this pattern from Qajar era to the contemporary period. This pattern has recently appeared among new carpets with diversity in overall composition and simplicity in the form of elements. Its weaving place has also been extended from a particular geographical area to wider areas in Fars Province.

Identification and study of Sistan and Baluchestan tablecloths With an emphasis on Texture structure and Motifs))

shahdokht Rahimppour

Tablecloths are used to make bread and tinned food, which is woven by women in numerous rural areas and nomadic tribes. Sistan and Baloochestan province is one of the important areas of plafond in terms of texture and design. The decline in the production of tablecloth, which is affected by the environmental, economic, life-changing and neglected indigenous capacities of women's art in this region, Forgiveness has been part of the cultural and social identity of the art of this region. Therefore, this study was conducted for the first time with the aim of studying the texture structure and table tiling of Sistan and Baluchestan. Data collection was done by field study and library, and descriptive-analytic research method. The results show that the texture structure of the tables is simple, combined, and rolled in three ways. The layout of the tablecloths of Muharramat, Katshad, Terrani, and Infected, and the fifteen columns of the Tablets was identified. The most used images are used in the sense of immortality and rainworship.

Design of "map reader HOF" and assess its impact on the quality and speed of handmade carpet weaving.

Seyed mostafa Eftekhari

Various types of maps for carpet weaving can be made in Iran nowadays. For example, According to the application and selection employer and the weaver, from a map can be procured easily raster map, digital map or map provided audio. With the explanation that the use of audio maps is expanding and the amateur weavers are more willing to use it. Because the maps provided audio is more suitable for ease of work, tissue speed, occupational health, as well as for the cost of the map than the other types in some commercial cases. While the audio reader performs only the map readings, the recognition of the correct location of read nodes is still a weaver task.
In this research, with the design of the "Map reader HOF" (Patent Number 88954) and its performance review, it became clear the recognition of the correct location of the map nodes could be done by the device. In this research, the Find the warp has been chosen to describe the work of the machine more easily. This device feature speeds up the handmade carpet texture significantly compared to other types of maps.
In the selected map to check and compare between different types of maps, the result is that the "Map reader HOF" It needs to 90% less time for Read the map.

Oral History of Wool Dyeing in Qashqai Carpet

seyedeh akram oliyaei tabaei

Fars province is one of the centers for producing handmade carpets. This Province according to the division in the nomadic section Includes: Three tribes of Qashqai, khamseh and lor. And distributed north to south of the province in various urban and rural areas. This makes fars province one of the most valuable place in carpet waeving in Iran and a carpet exporter in the world. Climate type and climatic conditions of this province cultivate various species of plants in the land, each of which combines with each other and different mordant , creates a variety of colors in the dyeing of fibers. This research is aimed at discovering the events and memories of the dyeing process, the type of color choices and the taste of rural and nomadic Persian weavers by oral history method.Oral history is in fact a consciously dialogue between two people about the dimensions of past events, both of which have historic significance and recorded to become a document and its durability. Oral history, as a research method from the beginning to the end, involves numerous, long, and timely stages. Which, if it meets its standards, will have tremendous results . And its purpose is merely to record the lost historical documents, such as memories, experiences, and knowledge of people directly related to the topic in question. This process, in this research, was conducted through interviewing and away from any interference with and application of the researcher's personal views, merely to record the memories of individuals. In this qualitative research, Semi-structured interview tool was interviewed with 42 factors of rural and nomadic carpet Fars. Sampling method was selected as snowball or incremental and sample size based on theoretical saturation. Dyeing of fibers in Fars tribes was done annually in the spring and after wool picking and washing the fibers. These tribes usually used of plants that are in their tripes, which is why it is possible that one of the reasons for the darkness of carpets in the Arabian and eastern parts of Fars with carpets of Qashqai tribes and western regions, the same difference in the type of plants available to them. Fars province was one of the areas that used of chemical dyes after many years later. As the tribesmen did not know the proper dyeing process with these chemicals, they were treated like natural dyes, and sometimes they used natural teeth to fix it, which did not affect the color of the dye. Therefore, they do not wash their woolen linen, which are painted with chemical dyes, and usually replace and sell it after several years of use. Until in the 1970s, several producers such as Seyyed Razi Miri, Gholamreza Zolanvari and Abbas Sayyah re-tried to revive natural and vegetative dyes, and now the province has the most use in using these dyes in its nomadic and rural productions.

Improving light fastness of Reseda Luteola natural dyed wool with antioxidants and UV absorbent

Ahmad Akbari

One of the problems of natural yellow dyes (weld) is their low stability against light and their high fading rate. One of the main destructive factors in pale of color fibers and hand-woven carpet is the high-energy ultraviolet radiation which causes chemical bonds to break and optically damages of organic structures. In this study, the effect of some antioxidants (gallic acid, ascorbic acid) and conventional UV absorbents, (2- hydroxy benzophenone as a supplement agent is studied in order to improve light fastness property. The effect of light fastness variables such as exposure time, antioxidants concentration, relative humidity were optimized. Afterward, the obtained changes were compared with the original sample and were stated in terms of ΔE color change value. The results showed that in all cases, the use of UV absorbents or antioxidants relatively improves light stability properties of the samples. The best result in increasing light stability was observed in using gallic acid.