Iranian Journal of hand woven carpet

An Explanation Study of the Causes of Difference in Coloring and Dotting Methods of Isfahan and Tabriz Carpet Cartoons

abdollah mirzaee

The geographical expand of carpet production in Iran, has caused to use of various techniques and methods in order to convert them to carpet design cartoons. Today, two distinct and inclusive methods are common in providing carpet cartoons for urban carpets weaving in Iran named Isfahan and Tabriz methods. The purpose of this research is an explanation of the causes of difference in the coloring and pointing cartoons of carpet designs in these two main carpet weaving regions. For this purpose, first, by comparative studying of the color and dotting methods of Isfahan and Tabriz carpet cartoons, the differences between them were extracted. Then, the reasons for these differences were studied with emphasis on the structural and technical factors of these two regions carpets. The results showed the common styles of design and production in each region and the level of mutual understanding of the complex human beings involved in the production system with respect to each other's actions plays a pivotal role in changing the color and dotting methods of carpet designs. Qua in Isfahan, persuasion to the existing situation and the traditionalism of producers and even audiences towards the institutional situation has led to the continued use of classic and traditional designs in carpet cartoons, and the consequently no need to invent different color schemes and design dotting. On the other hand, the intrinsic and historical orientation towards innovation and modernity among the human beings of Tabriz carpet producers has made the carpet designers to personalize their action with the tendency to use realistic motifs and hybrid flowers. Therefore, without changing the traditional color and dotting methods, these cartoons are not meaningful and readable for the majority of carpet weavers. To solve this problem, Tabriz Carpet Designers with the beforehand knowledge of the ability of well-experienced and connoisseur weavers, have invented various methods and techniques to make readable their designs to these carpet weavers.

The Impact of Digital Implements and Techniques on Iran Contemporary Carpet Industry

Mehran Houshiar

The advent of digital implements and techniques in the modern world, has changed the quality of the human life and also has influenced the traditional art of the nations. The traditional design as the most important step which the artistic creation take place in, has been affected by these evolutions and specially the arts like carpet are being influenced the most. Due to the two decades passing from entrance and stabilization of digital implements and techniques in Iran carpet design, it is indispensable to study their impacts in order to identify the threats and opportunities of these new tools in traditional art. On the other hand, artists and experts of this scope are the most competent references to evaluate the quality of these impacts. Accordingly, this study has been conducted to determine the impacts of digital implements and techniques on the traditional design through analyzing the ideas of the experts working in Iran carpet design scope. This is a qualitative research and its data has been collected through the library and the field survey methods by the in-depth interview with 9 persons of carpet design experts and artists and has been organized by Delphi method. Then they have been analyzed in the framework of grounded theory. The consequences of this study show that the carpet design experts have a consensus on synthesized attitude, admission of computer as a necessity or an opportunity and using it to preserve the artistic and cultural identity.

Identification and ranking of factors affecting customer satisfaction in hand woven carpets (Case study: Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province)

Maryam Mohammadisani

Customer satisfaction is essential for the survival of the organization. In recent years, Iran's hand woven carpet market has been occupied by rivals. This position is due to the lack of attention to customer satisfaction; hence, in this research, the identification and prioritization of the effective factors on the satisfaction of hand woven carpets customers is discussed. This research is done in two stages. In the first step, Delphi was used and in the second step, the Topsis method was used. The statistical population of this research in the first stage is handmade carpet experts and in the second step is hand carpet customers in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. The first sample size is 15 people and the second sample size is 400 people using the Morgan table. The results of the research showed that the factors affecting the satisfaction of handmade carpets customers classified into 9 categories that are pre-sale, sales, after sales services, quality features, process characteristics, distribution system, economics, valuation, and artistic features. By using the Topsis method, the characteristics of the arts are all the more important and, in comparison with the whole of the factors, the component of the originality of the carpet is all the more important. As a result, it is proposed to work to preserve the originality of the handmade carpet, through the design and production of original carpets in accordance with the needs of today's customer and the prediction of its future needs.

investigate and Classify the Most Important Effective Components of P7 Marketing Mix on Demand for handmade Carpets (Case Study of Sistan Handmade Carpets)

mohim shihaki tash

Sistan's handmade carpet is a legacy left from authentic Iranian culture and tradition which is now in decline. The decline in sale has lead to reduction in production of these carpets. The purpose of this study is investigating the status of the marketing process based on the 7P model (product, price, place, promotion, people, process, physical evidence) in Sistan handmade carpet industry. This research is descriptive-survey, also sampling method is random clustering and sample volume is 81 people. The validity of the questionnaire was calculated based on the theory of professors and industry experts and its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha test and composite reliability. The collected data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares (PLS) and structural equations, the results of which showed that 6 components except the place component were significant. The results of paired comparisons of 7P components were obtained by AHP method. The results obtained from the AHP method are the most effective 7P components in the handmade carpet industry of Sistan with product weight of 0.331 and then individuals’ component with weight of 0.322.

Discourse anslysis of religious' culture's effects on Naser al-Din Shah Qajar's donated rug to Jewish Doctor of Iran's Court

faezeh ghomlaghi

Iran is an ancient country with very rich culture, art, and history. People who reside there have different cultures and religions. One of the most important and classical art in Iran is carpet which dates return to many years ago. This art has an appropriate background to presents images and symbols that show beliefs, traditions, social changes, religious thought and etc. By various images and patterns on Persian rug, it is a proper commodity for presentation and communication with individuals and societies that are different with each other in the eyes of religion and culture.
The rug that Naser al-Din Shah donated his Jewish doctor, Nur Mohammad, is one of these rugs which has religious images and symbols. Nur Mohammad was Jewish doctor of Naseri Court who survived after an attempt, then Naser al-Din Shah presented him with this rug as a gift. So, this is assumed that this carpet is able to communicate with different societies and religions. The purpose of this paper is to reading the symbols and analyzing the concepts of this rug and answer to this question: What is the relationship between existing images and Judaism principles and doctrines of this rug.
In this paper, by using of discourse analysis which has become an interdisciplinary attitude nowadays, it is endeavored to read these symbols and compare them with the Holy Bible and other available information in written sources, by talking to persons who are aware of Judaism's concepts and patterns.
The results of this research demonstrate that existing images on this rug adopted from the Holy Bible of Jewry and artist demonstrates holiness and importance by using of the Holy Bible's part or parts repeatation, or with painting greater picture of important religious persons who have special importance for Jewry.

Identifying and analyzing factors affecting the stagnation of Sistan's original handmade carpet

chakameh zamiri

The original handmade carpet of Sistan has always played an important role in the livelihoods and the economy of the people. However, the position of this valuable art-craft has been impressed by some problems in Iran handmade carpet and especially to the particular native dilemma of the area. As the production of Sistan's carpets has been greatly reduced today, continuing this process can in the long run lead to the deterioration of Sistan's carpet and cause irreparable damage to the employment and livelihoods of the people of this area. Therefore, it is necessary to recognize and analyze the indexes affecting the stagnation of Sistan carpet and planning to eliminate them in order to improve the final product and job creation in the region. This issue is considered as the main goal of the current research.
The research methodology is combined and Extractive. First, using semi-structured interviews, the causes of the recession of handmade rug in Sistan were analyzed from the viewpoint of experts in this field and nineteen key factors were identified. Then, a new questionnaire was designed using these factors within the Likert scale framework. The views of the local people in this area regarding the causes of the stagnation of Sistan's handmade carpet were examined. In this step, a "T test" was used for analyzing questionnaire data. The results show that the drought and destruction of livestock, lifestyle changes and livelihoods, as well as the low profitability of the final product, The most important causes of the stagnation of Sistan's original handmade carpet are the most important.

Investigating the Factors Affecting the Export of Handmade Carpets in Iran: A Nonlinear Distributed Lag Technique (NARDL)

Ali Kavand

The present study examines the nonlinear dynamic relation among the factors affecting the export of Iran handmade carpets between 1352- 95, and focuses on the macroeconomic variables. For this purpose, the Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) Technique is used. The results indicate that there is a nonlinear short-run and long-run relation among the variables of the model. Among the variables, two variables of carpet prices and world income have both asymmetric effects on handmade carpet exports in the short-run and long-run. In the other words, the positive and negative changes in the price of handmade carpet, both in the short run and long run have different effects on export of handmade carpets. In the case of the world income, the effects of positive and negative shocks are significant and have the expected signs in the short run. In the long run, the negative shock of world income has also the expected sign and is significant. In the long run, the positive world income shock, although has the expected sign, but it is not significant. Furthermore, according to the theory, increasing the production of the handmade carpets and the real exchange rate has the expected effect and are significant. Finally, the rate of adjustment of the model from short-run to long-run equilibrium is about 0.72. In the other words, the amount of error correction and decreasing of deviation from long-run equilibrium in each period is about 0.75.

The role of marketing effectiveness and capabilities on relation beetwen export market orientation on export performance Iranian handmade carpet companies

mohammad javad taghipourian

Today, the speed of change in the areas of technology, software and hardware, market knowledge and even the political economy of countries on the one hand and as well as the initiative with the speed of action in business areas has made companies face the challenge, it has become the era of competition today, which contributes to the extent to which a company achieves its own goals based on export performance. Accordingly, the present study seeks to investigate The Investigating Impact of export market orientation on export performance, with the role of mediating marketing effectiveness and marketing capabilities. The research method is quantitative- survey, and which 154 executives of carpet companies are focused on as non-random available sampling, A standard questionnaire has been distributed online and personally. The results were evaluated using SPSS software in the descriptive section and according to the abnormal distribution of data based on Smart PLS of inferential section. The results of the findings indicate that the market orientation of the export on marketing capabilities and marketing effectiveness have a significant effect on the confidence level of 0.99 and 0.95 respectively. Also, marketing capabilities and marketing effectiveness on export performance have a significant effect on the confidence level of 0.95 and 0.99, therefore, export market orientation, either directly or indirectly with the variables of marketing capabilities and marketing effectiveness on export performance of carpet export companies has a significant 99% confidence level.

Strategic Analysis of Art- Industry of Carpet in Markazi Province

monir mirjamali

For a long time, the handmade carpet of the Markazi province, especially the Sarouq brand, With A few hundred years old has been recognized as one of the symbols of Iranian art and culture in Iran and has played an important role in employment, non-oil exports and the Introducing the province art. Unfortunately, in the last decade, the province's carpet share has fallen sharply from domestic and foreign market and this old art-industry has encountered a lot of difficulties, where the number of producers and activists in this field significantly reduced. This paper studies the qualitative and strategic analysis of handmade carpet in Markazi province, rooting downgrades and providing appropriate solutions for the exit from this depression. In this paper, we have been used library method and various tools such as completion of questionnaires and interviews with stakeholders, experts and activists in the field of Art- Industry of Carpet of the province. Then, with using SWOT technique, analyzed he strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of this art-industry and finally, solutions have been developed to achieve priorities based on its development orientations in the province. The results of this study indicate the defensive position of the carpet in the domestic and foreign markets, and, according to this, presented strategies and policies, functional tactics In order to exit the current depression. The main developed strategies are " Needs assessment, compilation, implementation and evaluation of regular educational program at different stages and levels in the field of art- industry of carpet", "Improving the quality of handmade carpets in the province through woven carpets identification, standardization, monitoring and evaluation" and "Applying new marketing methods and effective planning to introduce handmade carpets brands in order to penetrate new markets and increasing the share of existing markets."

Analyzing the challenges of hand_made carpet weavers during the economic sanctions period

Rasoul Abbasi

In recent years, the wave of economic sanctions has overshadowed Iran's economy with the aim of reducing the financial power, national welfare and disbelief, and a new confrontation has opened up on the Iranian economy. With respect to special importance and role of carpet weaving and its place in the country's economy, identifying and studying the recent problems of hand-made carpet weavers along with economic sanction is essential. The purpose of this research is to formulate and validate a conceptual framework via thematic analysis through descriptive in-depth semi-structured interviews. The statistical population includes carpet weavers in Arbatan city in East Azarbaijan province, among whom 20 carpet weavers were selected by purposeful sampling and participated in this study. The findings show that the challenges in four main themes include individual challenges, production and sales challenges and administrators challenges and 33 sub-themes. Finally, according to the results of the research, suggestions have been made like the development of low-cost supportive financial facilities, systematization and organization of in-country raw material processing mechanisms and appropriate advertising in global markets to solve carpet weaving problems.

The semiotic study of bird motif in carpet of Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari

Atefeh Heidari Soureshjani

Bird motif is a commonly used figure in the art of this country especially carpet weaving and is found in different parts of carpets and in various forms and concepts. This indicates the importance of this creature for people. Bird motif has long been widely used and in various forms in carpet weaving, this local, ancient and venerable art. Many of these bird figures have symbolic meanings and have special positions in the culture and the literature of this country. These symbolic meanings may include concepts such as victory of good over evil, luck and prosperity, spring tidings, pleading for fertility and rain, and mystic and religious concepts. There has been an inseparable connection between Persian carpets and bird motif in various forms because Persian carpets are a visualization of paradise or heaven. Bird motifs are seen as a symbol of soul, flight and freedom and this is the underlying reason behind the relation and connection between carpets and bird motifs. Most of these birds are weaved realistically or as abstract figures on tree branches in Persian carpet, sometimes flying and sometimes sitting. Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari is one of the regions which uses bird motifs realistically or as abstract figures in designing carpets. This study begins by providing a short explanation about carpets and bird motifs as well as a giving a comparative semiotic explanation on the role of bird motifs. Bird motifs designed in the art of carpet weaving in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari are shown in a table, firstly according to their type and then their form. A classification of the bird’s positioning in the carpet of this region and its relation with the other birds and animals and also its combination with other elements is also provided. The symbolic companionship of the sacred tree and the bird and its role in the carpets of Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari are presented. Finally the studied sample in the carpet of Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari is analyzed.

Influence of light on tensile strength of museum carpets with natural fibers adjacent(Case study of Iran Carpet Museum and Astan Quds Razavi Carpet Museum)

Sasan Samanian

The Iranian Carpet Museum collection contains the most valuable specimens of rugs from the ninth century AH to the contemporary period and is a rich source of research for researchers and art friends. Carpet Museum carpets and carpets, according to their quality and antiquity and taking into account the characteristics of carpet in terms of color, design, role, texture and variety of carpet weaving areas are preserved. The museum is built on two floors, the first floor of which is a permanent display of 150 pieces of carpet and the second floor is intended for specialized and seasonal exhibitions.
In this empirical-analytical study with environmental studies, sampling as well as library and laboratory studies, we have identified and introduced appropriate light levels for the storage of museum carpets with natural fibers, thus In order to perform tensile strength test of museum carpets because it is not possible to perform tests on museum rugs and it is necessary to fabricate rugs in accordance with the statistical population studied, weave samples of natural fibers of wool, cotton and Silk is done. Finally, according to the data obtained from the test of tensile strength of carpet in line with the length and width of the samples, analysis of variance, Toki and LSD tests can be concluded that light has a destructive effect on the carpet and reduces the tensile strength of the carpet and It has a significant effect on the tensile strength of carpets.