Quarterly Scientific-Research Goljaam

The article first describes different ways of tentering (sar rast koni) through the use of the surveying method. It also elaborates on the various features of these methods and the facilities and equipment used in them. In order to provide this information, a complete statistical group throughout the Isfahan and East Azarbaijan provinces was visited and 33 workshops were chosen from the group based on a normal distribution in Tehran Province. The workshops were then studied. Finally, the distribution of these methods in various areas was studied and a conclusion was reached.

In this research, an apparatus was designed and constructed in order to simulate the storage behavior of hand-woven carpet under different environmental conditions. Silk hand-woven carpet (“Gom”) with 115×75 cm dimensions and 102×97 knot per 10 cm was selected and then inserted into the packing simulator with two different laying configurations including flat and folded. The environmental conditions was adjusted at 3 different conditions including 25 ± 5% r.h and 30 ± 2°c (July-Tehran-Dry), 65 ± 5% r.h and 6 ± 2°c (February-Tehran-humid), 40 ± 5% r.h and 19 ± 2°c (October -Tehran-mild). The carpet sample was compressed under constant loads of 135 and 150 kg. The variation of carpet thickness with time in different parts of carpet was continuously measured using data acquisition system. The result of experiment shows that the carpet thickness is suddenly decreased at a short period of time and then reached to a stable condition. The variation trend of carpet thickness with time is accordance with a logarithm equation(y=a×Ln(t)-b) which is highly in agreement with Eyring model proposed in creep theory . But at the dry conditions, the variation of carpet thickness at the folded point follow a non-linear power equation (y=a×(t)^b) with a low correlation coefficient. However, the variation of carpet thickness at the non-folded point and flat configuration is very low.
Generally, at the humidity condition, maximum carpet thickness variation occurred at folded point with folded configuration. On the other hand, carpet thickness variations at dry condition are less those of at humidity and mild conditions. In addition, carpet thickness at dry condition more quickly reached to stable condition than those of at humidity and mild conditions.

The compilation of subject matter and data used in this article are extracted from library and recorded materials based on historical and pictorial sources to show changes in Kelardasht carpet within the past 100 years. Furthermore interviewing with masters in museums and bazaar was also used in accomplishing this article, and at the end data and pictures were compared to study the design and patterns of Kelardasht carpet in order to classify the patterns and motifs of these subjective and mental-woven carpets. Study of variations of patterns, motifs and colors in Kelardasht carpet shows that most of the patterns have been forgotten in the course of time and are not used any more. Then because this carpet is not a commercial one, difficult access to the area and entering poor patterns, this carpet was undermined or even defeated. It seems that the usage of old and original colors, original patterns and motifs and introducing genuineness and employed concepts in this kind of carpet to young people and buyers are important factors for the revival of Kelardasht carpets.

To study the way of folding handmade carpets, the selected sample has been put under pressure of 50g/cm2 weight at three different states. The pressure has increased uniformly and continuously at 100,200, 500, 1000 and 1500 g/cm2. The thickness of the carpet has been recorded continuously during the measurement of the thickness of the carpet sample. The pressing parameters of the carpet have been calculated in KES-F system with simulation and fitting of two components model of de-jong pressure. Also, the thickness of the part that is not able to be pressed is estimated. Based on the obtained results, it has been shown that pressing energy in the curved folded part of the carpet is very low, but the pressing energy in the part with two layers of the carpet on each other is very high. Nevertheless, the percentage of elasticity in two layers of the carpet placed on each other is remarkably low. It shows that the sensitivity and flexibility of this area is more in comparison with two layers of the carpet. On the other hand, the thickness of the part that is not able to be pressed in the area with two layers of the carpet on each other is more than that of the investigated areas. In this way, the pressing is carried out by piercing the upper naps on the lower ones. Without folding and flatting of the carpet, it is not pressed and just upper layer naps are pressed on the lower layers. In this study, the phenomenon of Domino folding is used to describe the folding behavior of the handmade carpet under static pressing

The manufacturing of costly hand woven rugs and floor coverings during the 15th to 17th centuries represented a splendid golden age for the Iranian textile industry. Without using high-quality yarns, the productions of such woven materials were surely impossible. To analyze and identify the technical specifications of the required yarns in this industry during the aforementioned centuries, the remaining products not only could be analyzed, but they also could be examined in the great works of the paintings of that era. Examining the 15th to 17th centuries main paintings in which spinning were manifested, characteristics and technical specification of spinning handicrafts within this period have been determined. The collected data revealed that spinning, which was done by the middle-aged, elderly, and disabled as one of their daily activities, used to be very common during the 15th to 17th centuries. The painters, carefully portraying the various parts of the spindle and the spinning wheel in their works, were completely aware of the yarn source and their technical differences in spinning different yarns. This could be clearly observed in their works. According to the social situation of the painting context and with emphasis on the specific considerations of the various instruments usage, special use was made of various types of spindles and spinning wheels. 

If a carpet is put under pressure during use or storage, its thickness decreases instantly and continues to decrease slowly as the pressure is not removed. Some part of this loss of thickness is not recoverable. This phenomenon is called creep and is influenced by parameters such as temperature and humidity, and it may cause breakage, burst, crease, bump, and folding line in the carpet. By studying creep of carpets, it is possible to predict their behavior under such loads to reduce the damages and effects of the creep. In this paper, a sample of folded–carpet is put under pressure of a 170 kg dead weight for 48 hours and its compression strain under various thermal and humidity condition is measured on-line. Then different statistical models were regressed on the collated data proving that creep-model of Voight-Kelvin is assumed as the best formula for determination of creep behavior of the folded carpet under different thermal and humidity conditions. Analysis of data variance detected a significant difference between various levels of thermal and humidity parameters in creep model implying their direct influence in the equation, although they are negligible compared to time effect. This research extended to calculate the Young modulus, creep constant and viscosity coefficient of the folded-carpet. 

One of the most important fields of research in Iran is investigation of the characteristics of the Iranian carpet designs and motifs, especially in geographical areas in which the carpet patterns are woven imaginarily. Understanding, preserving and planning for revival of the original carpet patterns can be enhanced significantly through categorization, reformation and determination of the applied proportions in these mental patterns, which have been transferred from one generation to another through continuous years. One kind of such carpets is Vist’simaginarily-woven carpet which has been woven in the central areas of Isfahan, southwest of Khansar by nomads who came from Hamedan and left nomadic life 400 years ago and decided to reside in Vist village. Forms and patterns of the imaginarily-woven carpets of Vist have been uniform and distinct from one carpet to another with only minor change during these years. In this study, local experts selected 50 Vist carpets with more than six square meter size having all the features of Vist's patterns. They were nearly 100 years old and could be found in Vist village and the neighboring villages. Then the largest vertical and horizontal dimensions of each feature of the pattern were measured. Afterwards, different hypotheses were proposed among dimensional proportions as designing structure in Vist carpet and were tested by use of a numerical software program. Based on these findings, it was found that 16 structures were one-dimensional and these were woven imaginarily and carefully without any kind of carpet designing. The weavers of Vist carpets observed 5 determined proportions among features of Vist imaginary patterns while weaving in harmony with other characteristics in specific parts of the carpet. This study shows that other six hypotheses of researchers about proportion and determined structures among elements of imaginarily-woven carpets of Vist were not true. It is also possible to help to clarify the position of thesestructures by determining two-dimensional proportions among elements of pattern. This research presents categorized and analyzed proportions which were found for arrangement of Vist carpets.

One of the most common procedures for exporting and warehousing handmade carpets is keeping them folded over one another. Handmade carpets come out of their stable states by being folded,while increasing storage time can cause serious and sometimes irreversible changes to them. In this research, a pilot model carpet has kept folded under a load equal to 50 g/cm2 and then the applied load increased respectively to 100, 200, 500, 1000 g/cm2 continuously and uniformly, and at every stage the digital image of the form of folded carpet has been recorded. The received image was analyzed by software programs to identify and determine the morphology of folding curvature of handmade carpet under static pressure. It is possible to propose convenient predictions for storage and packing of carpets, considering the morphology of folding curvature of handmade carpet during successive loading and unloading phases. Accordingly,is this research it was determined that the empty space in folding curvature of handmade carpet after removing the pressure and returning to the first state isalmost 9 times less than the same for the first time the carpet was folded. This research also showed that if the setting height of stored carpets, which are folded over each other, does not change then the damage is much less comparing the time that carpets’ height decreases constantly and forcesapplied to carpets change. Moreover, possibility of carpets falling due to loss of instability of folding curvature length at loading time is much greater than during unloading time. Also in this research, folding curvature height, folding curvature length and empty space in folding curvature were studied and measured.