The purpose of this article is sociological explanation of Iran's contemporary carpet designing system to recognizing of the evolution or the stability in its carpet designing schools. For this aim, first we selected and compared 20 sample carpets among the woven carpets of Tabriz and Esfahan in the past 10 years with the same number of Tabriz and Esfahan carpets that are woven at 40 to 60 years ago. With these compare probabilistic caused changes in design, pattern and color of this carpets had shown. The results show that deflection from traditional designing bases in Tabriz contemporary carpets is visible and fast. Versus changing of these bases in Esfahan carpets is according to rules and course frame of Iranian traditional design and is continuing its natural proses.

 This article is theoretically related to the field of sociology and emphasizes on Anthony Giddens's structuration theory. In Accordance with structuration theory, had studied reasons of the evolution or the stability in identical component of Esfahan and Tabriz carpets. The findings of the study indicate that, any change in the rules and resources of proceeding at each of the schools of Iranian carpet design, will caused changes in its entirety system. Therefore stability of the rules and resources of action in Esfahan causes the persistence of Iranian classical design school in this city, inverse the fluidity of the rules and resources in Tabriz causes consecutive changes in School of Tabriz carpet designing.

 A descriptive analytic approach and field study-library based data collection were the research methods used in the present study

The French elements and motifs have been entered to Iran art through building moldings. Meanwhile, importing postcards and chocolate boxes having European stencils ,have had important role at stencils of carpet .At the period of Gublan in Kerman province ,by the request of America for using French Golfrang and Gublan,the structure and elements of Kerman carpet was influenced by Aubusson and Savonery  carpets.

In this article , by study these two types of carpet, we try to show the relationship between French carpet stencils and the  Gublan period carpet in Kerman and by comparing the resemblances and differences to show: How much the Kerman carpet has been influenced by the French carpet, whether the designers copied the designs or incorporated them.

To achieve a precise and accurate result,56 samples of Gublan Period carpet in Kerman were collected by field study .Also 70 samples of French carpets were photographed by library method .By comparing these designs through descriptive, analytical  and comparative methods ,their different and common aspects were surveyed and specified that no copy has been done and at the Gublan period ,the Kerman designers have been influenced by French carpet design. In some cases adaptations used ,have resulted to innovation of  new designs.

With regard to the similarities between the composition and structure of these two types of carpet, in spite of French carpet ,the colour used in Kerman carpets are bright and opaque.

Though the basis of French carpet design has been originated from the  East ,but in comparison to Kerman carpet, less porportions have been observed.

The present article is a kind of field and historical research accomplished based on available historical and imagery sources aiming at clarifying the changes that have been taken place in patterns and designs of mentally-woven mazlagan carpet and its patterns and motifs categorization in recent century. In addition to the historical investigation based on written and unwritten sources, a field study was also conducted in Mazlagan village, to find out old carpets, take their picture and interview with the old and famous people in Saveh and Tehran market and finally by comparing the information and pictures, the changes in patterns and designs of mentally-woven Mazlagan carpet were determined. Then, based on the obtained results, an attempt has been made to categorize and classify patterns and designs of this mentally-woven carpet. The results indicated that the patterns and designs of Mazlagan carpet can be classified with regard to two perspectivess which are forms and motif models; visual and physical nature of motifs  as well as application of these motifs in the body or in the borders into four categories of plants and forms or models. The plant category can be divided into single flowers, leaf, leaf and flower band, three leaf flowers and incoming flowers and the last category to three subcategories of multi-angles including three, four, five, six and ehight angles and  forms consisting of panes and arrows ,toothed and elbows. Borders in Mazlagan carpet can be divided into four types of two dostkomi and first until third type Harati.

Carpet design and decoration are the fundamental elements for producing carpet and they are important factors determining material and artistic values of a carpet. The access and use of innovative and demand driven designs are the crucial issues that carpet weavers face with, affecting their production, productivity and income. The purpose of this paper is to explore the supply sources and methods of access to silk carpet designs by rural weavers. The data were collected using a case study methodology through focus groups, semi-structured interviews, participatory mapping, document analysis and observation. The study was conducted with 90 rural silk carpet weaving households in 23 villages of the Zanjan Township and market actors in the cities of Zanjan, Qom and Kashan. Rural weavers produced carpet and received designs through two production approaches: a) self-employed production and b) contractual employed production for external entrepreneurs or dealers. In the self-employed approach, rural weavers got accessed to designs through two mediating chains including local and urban dealers. Access to designs in this approach was mostly indirect, in that rural weavers demanded and received designs from local dealers who in turn received the designs through the silk carpet market in the Zanjan City. In the contractual employed approach, rural weavers accessed their required designs through three mediating chains, comprising local dealers, urban dealers and urban entrepreneurs. The most frequent contact of rural weavers was related to their direct visit to their entrepreneurs or employers who were not carpet designers. In both production approaches, the provincial rural carpet :::::union::::: acted as a dealer rather than a community based organization supporting rural weavers, so it did not reflect the weavers’ interest.

Iranian hand-woven carpets as a strategic commodity in the field of non-oil exports is important, The identification of barriers to the industry and provide optimal solutions to facilitate its exports is important. This study aims to identify barriers to the export of Iranian handmade carpets using holistic marketing approach and offering its facilitators in the form of a concept model. In the first study, using a qualitative approach (content analysis), 57 code as barriers to the export of Iranian carpet extraction and according to semantic relationships were categorized into 6 classes and To overcome these obstacles, as facilitator for each class a concept proposed. In the second stage, using quantitative approach (interpretative structural modeling), the conceptual model was developed triggers for Iranian hand-woven carpets. Finally, the use of leverage-dependent matrix and conceptual model of research proposals to facilitate export of Iranian carpet was presented.

Handmade carpet as biggest and most original handicraft in Iran, in terms of employment speially in rural areas as well as in terms of non-oil exports has an important place and a significant proportion of GDP accounted for this. Research shows that the industry has faced significant challenges in recent years. Turkmen handmade carpet with outstanding dimensions and values of economic, social and cultural, production and supply dehumidified, but from the before years producing has taken a downward trend. On the basis this study is to identify and analyze the causes of depression in carpet industry in 10 Villages of Gonbad-e Qabus Township. Studied areas are in Sultan Ali, Fajr, Agh Abad and Baghli Marama sub-districts in Gonbad-e Qabus. Research methodology is combined and Extractive. First, using semi-structured interviews the causes of carpet depression from the perspective of industry experts in the study area using a coding method were analyzed which shows that the main reason of carpet weaving depression in 10 villages. Then the results of this part of the research, was basis of design the questionnaire. Questionnaire designed within the Likert scale framework, rural women 'views in relation to the causes of handmade carpet industry downturn was identified. T test and Hierarchical clustering analysis was used for analyzing questionnaire data. The view of respondents, shows that the Intra- group "lack of supportive government policies for carpet" and "weak economic aspects of rural development planning", respectively, have the greatest impact on the industry, and "lack of creativity and innovation in the field of design, color, map and quality of raw materials" and "technological backwardness in the production of carpethaveleast impact on the study villages.

On the one hand, due to reduce oil revenues and the need for the exchange of non-oil export, especially carpet industry as the most important goods of non-oil export and on the other hand, due to the downward trend of carpet export as a national brand in the global market and overtaking countries such as China and India from Iran in recent years, the purpose of this study is to identify and prioritize strategic effective components on Hand-woven Carpet industry as a national brand in the global market. To achieve this purpose, we used the integrated approach for strategic and hierarchical analyses. First, we conducted directed and free interviews with a number of experts in the industry in order to identify the weaknesses, strengths, opportunities and threats with deep library studies and to collect the qualitative data. Also, for collecting documentary information, we used two questionnaires to prioritize and measure the relative importance of effective factors. According to analysis of the research results, the most important effective internal factors on the industry's position include: to be reliable and well-known the brand of Iranian carpet, and the lack of attention to requests, needs and tastes of the world market and the most important effective external factors on the industry's position include: the opportunity of terminating international sanctions in regard to Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) and the threat of entry the foreign competitors with more advanced facilities and reducing market share in recent years. Also, the aggressive strategy (Strength, Opportunity) was selected as the superior strategy for the promotion of position in the industry. According to the results, it is suggested that activists in this industry establish a comprehensive plan to identify untapped and intact world markets, capital entry and foreign expertise, optimizing resource consumption and reducing the cost of product, reinforcement of order -taking and finally, improving the distribution and sales channels by relying on knowledge of information technology.

  The purpose of this paper is  examines the domestic consumer behavior to income changes, floor coverings price (calculated income elasticity, price elasticity and cross-elasticity), handmade carpets and of carpet by machinery.

      The results of the models  using OLS method  in the 1984-2010 shows that  Both handmade carpets and carpet by machinery floor covering products are elastic goods; although, carpet by machinery is more elastic than handmade carpets. This implies that the reaction of consumer's carpet by machinery greater than consumer's handmade carpets (assuming an identical change in the price of both flooring). Due to the cross-elasticity values ​​obtained, in the estimated domestic demand for handmade carpets, the carpet by machinery, rugs and moquette, ceramic tiles are the stronger substitutes for handmade carpets.

   Due to the cross-elasticity values ​​obtained in the estimation of demand functions for carpet by machinery, the ceramic tile, handmade carpets and rugs and moquette, carpet by machinery are stronger substitutes. With respect to the values ​​obtained in the estimation of income elasticity of demand functions, both handmade carpets and carpet by machinery are luxury goods; although the income elasticity of handmade carpets, is more than the income elasticity of carpet by machinery.

As valuable historical documents, works of art can dramatically contribute to historical research. History of carpet-weaving is vague in some periods and should be clarified by the help of the surviving documents and manuscripts. Ibn Hessam's Khavaran-nameh contains illustrations depicting carpets. The present paper seeks to analyze and extract information from the carpet illustrations in Khavaran-nameh. The focus is on the identity quality and diversity of designs over time. The significance of this study comes from the fact that historiography of carpet-weaving, as the most important Iranian art/craft, and resolving its historical ambiguities is central to an integrated national identity. The findings suggest that Khavaran-nameh is important in the study of Turkaman carpets because it was illustrated shortly after being composed. Although the details of its illustrations are not of high quality, they show a broader variety in comparison with other similar works.
 

Electronic advertising is a process that in addition to the introduction of the product and after-sales service, to inspire customers by means of the Internet for shopping. Electronic advertising due to high speed and low cost marketing of goods is concerned. Due to the expansion of this new advertising method in the present society, This study aimed to assess the views of carpet on Internet advertising to increase the effectiveness and credibility based on consumer behavior has been done. The need for careful attention to the fact that the position of Iranian carpet as a floor due to a variety of consumer products according to existing tools and on the impact of advertising on consumer behavior and the approach to be considered further. Thus, with regard to the purpose of this research and the need to position electronic advertising on the carpet, The questions raised in this research is the most important of which is the Can Carpet electronic advertising models based on consumer behavior be evaluated? Which of the dynamics of communication and content on cognitive reactions, emotions and attitudes affect consumers?

The field study was conducted and documents and questionnaires for data collection library that the population of 103 was selected based on Morgan table. The population of the Iranian Internet users, all of which, they are familiar to the field of handmade carpets that somehow exposed to Internet advertising carpet or carpet had been linked sites, which have been included in the questionnaire. The aim of this study is to validate Internet advertising associated with carpet, a model based on the behavior of consumers as to the quality of the product offered good advertising. The results show that drivers with 0/51 cognitive impact on consumer response and 0/42 impact on the emotional response of consumers have the greatest impact 0/32 erotic content and cognitive impact on consumer response and the impact on the emotional response of consumers 0/28 and priorities more accurately to stimuli content of the communication driver. The drivers of content and communication have not been any impact on consumer attitudes according to the research that is necessary for the impact on Internet advertising content is associated with greater emphasis carpet.

In Islamic culture, "garden" is a manifestation of heaven in appearance, So the carpet and garden are the mirrors of heaven. In this research, the design patterns of Iranian garden and  garden carpets in Safavid and Qajar period are identified and compared with each other. The goal of this research is to investigate the interactions of form, geometry and patterns of design in garden carpet and Iranian garden. In this research, the effects of the dominant elements and characcteristics such as architectural and natural elements, motifs, forms and design principles, in Isfahan “Chehelsoton” garden", Kashan "Fin” garden, Mahan "Shahzadeh” garden" and Shiraz "Jannat” garden" are surveyed and compared with  12 samples  of garden carpets belonging to the 16^th , 17^th and 18  ^th  centuries. The result of the research is that, the design of Iranian gardens and garden carpets have some principles in common, inspiring and affecting each other. Gardening pattern in "Fin" ," Shahzadeh" ,"Chehelsoton" and "Jannat” gardens are closely similar to each other. Based on the results of the research, the most indices of Iranian Gardens are found in "Fin" with 81.5 percent, "Chehelsoton" &,"Shahzadeh" with 74  percent and "Jannat" with 66.6 percent which accordingly have the most effects on garden carpet design patterns. Also, "Bage Behesht" carpet (carpet No. 3) has the most accordance and "Garden Rug" (carpet No. 12)  has the least harmony with characteristics and indices of Iranian gardens.
 
 

Abstract