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Showing 25 results for Market

Dr Hasanali Pourmand, Dr Mohammadjavad Mahdavinejad, Mrs Elahe Imani,
Volume 6, Issue 17 (3-2011)
Abstract

Nowadays new industrial developments and its effects on fashion and consumers' taste have changed the aesthetical paradigms. Therefore it is so important to look contemporary art works in aesthetic perspective as well as commercial one. Hand-woven carpets cannot be suitable and fruitful if ignore either aesthetic condition or commercial requisites. Hand-woven carpets are our national heritage so it is necessary to study this field for developing the place of hand-woven carpets. Market of hand-woven carpet is as important as artistic viewpoint and because of that, this article studies the place of new designs of carpets and its influence. Market system and addressee’s attitude toward new design are the most important issues. Data gathering process that is based on reaching the information from real samples and completing the questionnaires concludes that instigating the need in addressees by new design and also effective advertisements cause that we face with demand, consequently the market gives new order of design to the artistic to enter the market new design. So creative new designs in carpet will attract the interest of consumers and developing the use of hand-woven carpets may play a crucial role in expanding the use of these kinds of national heritage in near future.

Dr Amirhosein Chitsazian, Dr Alireza Chitsazian,
Volume 6, Issue 17 (3-2011)
Abstract

Marketing mix is one of the most important devices that is used in marketing planning. Marketing mix refes to factors and controllable variables that Marketing managers use to satisfy target customers. Marketing scholars identify different factors for different products. In this research at first we proposed five factor model for carpet marketing mix. Then we tested and ranked these factors. Findings showed that historical and artistic gentility is the most important factor in marketing mix. Then promotion, product, price and at last place are other factors in marketing plan. 

Mr Abolfazl Esfandiari, Mr Qrban Tajpoury, Dr Alireza Pakzad,
Volume 6, Issue 17 (3-2011)
Abstract

The present study is an applied research using quantitative method. In the first step, the intended factors of marketing mix, production-export consortium and branding of Turkman carpet were studied in existing literature, and then, the quantitative method of questionnaire was used for collecting needed data and extracting basic factors. The questionnaire was prepared by the researcher. After gathering the questionnaires, the collected data were put in the SPSS software and were analyzed through various methods of inferential statistics. For measuring the significance of each component of the questionnaire, the five-point Likert scale, which has ordinal scales, was used to measure the factors and convert them to quantitative data, with giving each factor a number from 1 to 5. The data of the research was collected in a period from October of 2010 to September 2011, and the research was conducted in Golestan province. The population was constituted of five groups: 1. experts, who became expert in managing, scientific and research affairs related to carpet through working in this field; 2. exporters, who sell hand-woven carpets wholesale; 3. importers, who import Iranian hand-woven carpets from Iran into the target countries; 4. retailers, who sell the carpet to the consumers; and 5. weavers, consisting of all real or legal people who produce carpets in workshops or at homes, in cities or villages. For selecting the sample subjects from the first four groups, simple random sampling method was used; and the sample subjects of the fifth groups were selected through the Morgan table and simple random sampling. Therefore, 406 subjects were selected as samples with a balanced and appropriate proportion. By following up the project and informing about the research's goals, all questionnaires were filled out and delivered to the researcher. The Chronbach's coefficient alpha was 93%, and for prioritizing the variables, the Friedman test, and for supporting or rejecting the hypotheses, the binomial test was used. The conclusions show that all hypotheses were significant in export of Turkman hand-woven carpets. Among the hypotheses, the great potential of the province in producing hand-woven carpets was a strong point, and lack of attention to marketing mix, absence of a production- export consortium, and lack of attention to branding were of weak points, which need the especial attention of the provincial and export companies' managers and planners. At the end, besides presenting detailed conclusions and findings, the mentioned issues were summarized, and applicable suggestions were offered to the managers and experts, and also future similar researches.

Mr Ali Vandshoari, Dr Ahmad Nadealian, Dr Aliasghar Shirazi,
Volume 6, Issue 17 (3-2011)
Abstract

Globalization as a part of modern economy has been of huge controversies in different countries including Iran. Since Iran is attempting to increase its non-oil exports and its presence in global markets. Enduring in this competitive worldly market necessitates evaluation of tastes and creation of new markets for the products. Accordingly Iranian hand-woven carpets are among the top exports of the country is looking for a proper position in global trade. Traditional production and concentration on out-dated designs beside blind-weaving and neglecting the customers taste in target markets are the main reasons of the recession in its trade that are in an urgent need of reconsideration. Although carpet is of a great artistic value, its commercial value ought to be kept in mind as well. Studies show that there is a huge gap between carpet production in Iran and its marketing and evaluation of potential customers' taste around the world. It seems as if lack of interest in utilizing modern information technology tools among Iranian carpet traders abroad has caused them not receive enough information about customers' taste and as a result fail in relating the tastes and domestic production. This survey type descriptive study attempts to collect data through field, libraries and internet.

Mr Seyed Mohammad Mehdi Mirzaamini, Dr Fariborz Seddighi Arfa’ei,
Volume 7, Issue 20 (3-2012)
Abstract

Handmade carpet is considered to be one of most important exporting commodities which enjoys a special place in international markets. However, it has not found such importance in domestic markets and, as a result, today handmade carpets are found much less than machine-made ones in Iranian homes. It comes to mind that such weak usage of handmade carpet can be mainly attributed to its high cost. In this survey research, different affluent and middle class districts of four cities, i.e. Tabriz, Ghom, Tehran and Isfahan, have been studied via four steps. The findings show that high cost of handmade carpets is not the only major factor of low usage of these carpet by the affluent classes of the society, but there are other factors which refer to the unawareness of these classes regarding the special properties of handmade carpets compared with the machine-made ones

Mr Mehdi Kateb,
Volume 9, Issue 23 (9-2013)
Abstract

The role of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in economy and in creating jobs in developing countries is an important parameter, and other important parameters in this field include investigating their economic situation and profitability in order for survival and creating value for customers. Whereas small and medium enterprises which work on sale of Iranian handmade carpets,as the exclusive product with international brand and national position,can benefit from handicraft expertsand human resources,and use domestic resources to answer domestic demand, as well as many customers around the world.Nevertheless,the export of this product has decreased comparing other domestic products, but still experts and active participants in this industry antedate from other domestic and foreign rivals and are successful in development and growth of this product. Identifying effective methods for growth of small and medium enterprises in carpet industry in international economyand the related indicators can be profitable for other active participants and stakeholders, whether in private and corporation sectorsor for planners and policy-makers in this section. This study seeks to answer the question thatwhat elements, despite decreasing exports of carpet, have caused the growth of small and medium Enterprises (SMEs) in carpet export sector. Identifying and prioritizing such parameters are the results of this case study. The geographic scope of this study is the exporters of handmade carpet and during 2013. The research methodology is descriptive-correlativeone and research population include all exporters of handmade carpet which earn over 1 million dollars annually. Data collection was conducted using a questionnaire that was prepared according to review of literature. Dependent variable in this research was growth of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) of carpet industry in international economy, which can illustrate the sales scale, increment and exporting the stuff (MacMillan and Day, 1987) and independent variables include ability and capacities, demands (causes and activators of growth), resources, seasons and manager and service’s owner personal characteristics (Davidson, et al. 2006). Results illustrate that there is a positive correlation between variables of demands and seasons in range of 99 percent to growth of producing services and commercial services of export of handmade carpet.The aim of this research is studying effective factors on the growth of carpet export in Iranian small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The research design is based on correlation. Instrument validity was established by a panel of experts and its reliability was confirmed by filling out 30 questionnaires. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was calculated for different parts between from 0.75 to 0.84. The statistical population was 124 carpet exporters that during ten past years(2001-2011) exported more than one million dollar. Due to their small numbers,census method was used for data collection. The descriptive results of the research indicated that the average amount of carpet export among Iranian SMEs was 4.5 million dollars. Another result showed that there was positive correlation between demands and opportunities facing these SMEs with their growth. The results of the bivariate regression revealed that 38.4% of variation of SMEs’ growth stemmed from these two factors (between demands and opportunities facing these SMEs).

Mrs Fatemeh Na'alchi Kashi, Dr Mohsen Rasoulian, Dr Hossein Boujari,
Volume 9, Issue 24 (3-2014)
Abstract

The purpose of this research is to identify market developing factors for Iranian handmade carpets in global markets and to rank these factors. As a whole, 120 experts in carpet industry and carpet exporters participated in this study. This research is applied in terms of objective and casual, under survey category, in terms of method. The tool for gathering information is a questionnaire. This research studies the relationship between variables by use of descriptive statistics (frequency distribution table, graphs, and statistical indexes) and inductive statistics (Kolmogrov-Smirnov test, T-test, Freedman test, Kroskal and Alice test and factor analysis). SPSS software is also used to analyze data and to perform aforesaid tests. The results show that: preparing ID cards for handmade carpets, identifying consumers’ demands and creating a brand for handmade carpetscan help the developmentof handmade carpet market. Increasednumber of advertisements has a positive correlation with its development. Exporters’ familiarity with electronic business has a significant relation with handmade carpet market development. Moreover, it became clear that the importance of variables of this research is as follows: advertisement, identifying consumers’ demands, existence of a brand, exporters’ familiarity with electronic business and preparing ID cards for carpets.

Dr Tahmoures Hasangholipour, Mrs Fatemeh Abbasi Bani, Mr Saeed Abbasi Bani,
Volume 10, Issue 25 (9-2014)
Abstract

This paper discusses how branding process of Persian carpet in the U.S. market does work and finally a model based on the performance of Persian carpet exporters has been derived. The population for this study consisted of Iranian exporters; about 130 exporters participated in this survey. A questionnaire including 59 questions was used to collect data and finally the data was analyzed using LISREL and the conceptual model was derived. The results show that Iranian exporters believe that they have control over the international branding activities in the U.S. Market; this has improved their level of brand orientation and international commitment to market development. The Persian carpet exporters view themselves as committed to the needs and requirements of the United States market and they perceive themselves totally brand oriented. In the Iranian exporters' opinion, marketing strategies used in the U.S. market, are working properly and these exporters are satisfied with the results of Persian carpet brand's financial performance in this segment. Finally, the model that emerged shows briefly the factors affecting performance of Persian handmade carpet brand in the U.S. market.

Mrs Najmeh Mirzakarimi Isfahani, Dr. Seyed Jalal-Eldin Bassam, Mr Javad Hassanpoor Nami,
Volume 10, Issue 26 (3-2015)
Abstract

Diversity in the design of hand-knotted carpet may satisfy different tastes in the market as well as cause a boost in the purchase of the product. Isfahan hand-knotted carpet has a unique quality and originality in its design, but these characteristics are almost solely well-known in Isfahan market, so that in the national level, most buyers of Isfahan carpet comprises of Isfahani people. In the current state of affairs bearing the sanctions in the mind, preservation and promotion of Isfahan carpet is of great importance to support the weavers and employees of this industry and to improve their welfare as well as continuation of this national art. In this paper, the hypothesis is that the design of Isfahan carpet suffers from lack of diversity in such a way that it acts as a hurdle in the promotion of the carpet market. To examine this hypothesis, 152 questionnaires were distributed in Isfahan and Tehran carpet markets. Also some questionnaires were filled by Isfahani entrepreneurs and designers of carpets. Sampling was done according to Convenience Sampling method and the answers to the questionnaires were analyzed by the inferential and descriptive statistical analyses. The results demonstrate that if customers would have more favorable attitudes towards Isfahan carpet, the purchasing motivation would increase. Also lack of organized marketing strategy and insufficiency of potent designers are among the factors snagging diversity in the design of Isfahan carpet.


Fatameh Rahim Panah, Phd Mehran Houshiar,
Volume 11, Issue 27 (9-2015)
Abstract

Nowadays, the hand-woven carpet industry has lost its status in international market due to economic issues and international policy towards Iran, moving it into a slow deterioration. On the other hand, the domestic market of hand-woven carpet has recessed in a way that even those few shoppers can’t afford buying carpets.

The hand-woven carpet market situation needs changes in cultural and economic terms. It is time to make use of modern methods and ways, in line with preserving originality and traditional cultural identity in design and color, in order to further boom this industrial art in global market. Carpet design, as an academic discipline, has the capability of training an educated social class with the ability to implement projects with current popular taste and world of education. Therefore, studies on this discipline and making it recognized in amongst traditional carpet marketers is crucially required.

This descriptive-analytic study, with its data being gathered through a field and library research, concludes that with the current economic conditions and the syllabus of carpet design as a discipline at hand, graduates of Carpet as a field of study, design and coloring, for instance, obtain the crucial skills needed to become a skillful designer, producer, export consultant etc. scientifically and technically. The final conclusion could be that the current recession of hand-woven carpet market needs young new thoughts. Old designs and colors do not respond to the needs of today’s confused market. Graduates of this field of study have the needed skills to consult with experienced producers, in order to achieve more of a financial productivity


Dr. Davod Feiz, Mr Mohammad Ali Siah Sarani Kajori,
Volume 12, Issue 30 (3-2017)
Abstract

Iranian hand-woven carpets as a strategic commodity in the field of non-oil exports is important, The identification of barriers to the industry and provide optimal solutions to facilitate its exports is important. This study aims to identify barriers to the export of Iranian handmade carpets using holistic marketing approach and offering its facilitators in the form of a concept model. In the first study, using a qualitative approach (content analysis), 57 code as barriers to the export of Iranian carpet extraction and according to semantic relationships were categorized into 6 classes and To overcome these obstacles, as facilitator for each class a concept proposed. In the second stage, using quantitative approach (interpretative structural modeling), the conceptual model was developed triggers for Iranian hand-woven carpets. Finally, the use of leverage-dependent matrix and conceptual model of research proposals to facilitate export of Iranian carpet was presented.


Mrs Seyedeh Akram Oliyaei Tabaei, Mr Mohammad Reza Shahparvari, Mr Seyed Mohammad Mehdi Mirzaamini,
Volume 13, Issue 31 (9-2017)
Abstract

Electronic advertising is a process that in addition to the introduction of the product and after-sales service, to inspire customers by means of the Internet for shopping. Electronic advertising due to high speed and low cost marketing of goods is concerned. Due to the expansion of this new advertising method in the present society, This study aimed to assess the views of carpet on Internet advertising to increase the effectiveness and credibility based on consumer behavior has been done. The need for careful attention to the fact that the position of Iranian carpet as a floor due to a variety of consumer products according to existing tools and on the impact of advertising on consumer behavior and the approach to be considered further. Thus, with regard to the purpose of this research and the need to position electronic advertising on the carpet, The questions raised in this research is the most important of which is the Can Carpet electronic advertising models based on consumer behavior be evaluated? Which of the dynamics of communication and content on cognitive reactions, emotions and attitudes affect consumers?

The field study was conducted and documents and questionnaires for data collection library that the population of 103 was selected based on Morgan table. The population of the Iranian Internet users, all of which, they are familiar to the field of handmade carpets that somehow exposed to Internet advertising carpet or carpet had been linked sites, which have been included in the questionnaire. The aim of this study is to validate Internet advertising associated with carpet, a model based on the behavior of consumers as to the quality of the product offered good advertising. The results show that drivers with 0/51 cognitive impact on consumer response and 0/42 impact on the emotional response of consumers have the greatest impact 0/32 erotic content and cognitive impact on consumer response and the impact on the emotional response of consumers 0/28 and priorities more accurately to stimuli content of the communication driver. The drivers of content and communication have not been any impact on consumer attitudes according to the research that is necessary for the impact on Internet advertising content is associated with greater emphasis carpet.


Mr Mohammad Karimian Ravandi, Dr Hamidreza Yazdani, Dr Hamidreza Irani,
Volume 13, Issue 32 (3-2018)
Abstract

Handmade carpet in addition to dimensions of occupation, export, and economic interests, from dimensions of art and culture, has long been a symbol of the rich culture of this land and has special celebrity worldwide. In between the important case that has been ignored is Iranian domestic market, and it seems more reasonable to first stabilize the situation in meeting domestic and get its markets and then, consider export aspects. According to information released by stakeholders of handmade carpet, lack of communication with consumers and their recognition and targeted and creative advertising and marketing is ignored in Iranian handmade carpet and Kashan handmade carpet. The main goal of this research is designing idea of the advertising campaign for introducing Kashan handmade carpet in Iranian domestic markets. So, after achieving a right model for the advertising campaign, this study using interview and documents in terms of obtained model was evaluated and information obtained through these two instruments was described to is answered the main research question (right advertising campaign for Kashan handmade carpet industry has what features). This comprehensive evaluation is with case study strategy and using the qualitative content analysis method. In results of the research was reached to create the main idea and advertising campaign strategy to introduce Kashan handmade carpet, according to market segmentation and unique benefits of this product. In this campaign target market are young people with good income and upper-middle class with female gender and characters that are interested in brand that by handmade carpets for breaking and consumption, by focusing on this fact that you are looking for softest and best price of handmade floor, buy Kashan carpets made of wool, idea for this campaign, is focus on cheap and softest carpets for underfoot that Kashan due to the coarse texture and wool is soft and is very proper due to reasonable price and in this respect it is unique as if costumers are buying the most authentic and best Iranian handmade carpet. In last of this research, is presented recommendations to future researchers in the handmade carpet industry.

Dr. Malihe Siyavooshi, Dr. Mohammad Ghafournia, Mr. Nader Vesali,
Volume 14, Issue 33 (9-2018)
Abstract

Abstract: The main objective of this research is to identify the factors affecting the importers' decision to buy Iranian handmade carpet  . This research is applied and is qualitative in terms of the type of data used. The research data were collected using interview with Iranian handmade carpet importers in the European ::union:: who were present at The 25th International Handmade Carpet Exhibition in Tehran. The sampling method was accessible, and the sequential method was used to determine the sample size. Accordingly, with14 Iranian handmade carpet importers to the European ::union:: were interviewed, that of which 11 persons were originally European and 3 persons Iranians residing in Europe. Data analysis was performed using qualitative content analysis. The content analysis results led to the identification of 233 primary codes that were categorized as 62 selective codes. By reviewing and filtering selective codes, 38 sub themes were identified, which were ultimately classified into 5 main themes. Some of the indicators have a positive effect and some have a negative influence on the decision to buy Iranian carpet. The ten main identified themes are: product, price, distribution, promotion, and environmental factors. Some of the indicators identified in this research, such as ordering capability in production, supply quality, negative media space against Iran, uniqueness of carpet, having a reliable business partner in Iran, provide international credentials, economic situation in the destination country, and etc. ,for the first time  and from the perspective of importers were mentioned; which illustrates the distinction of this research with previous research on carpet marketing.
 


Dr Rasoul Abbasi, Mrs Zohre Kazemi,
Volume 14, Issue 33 (9-2018)
Abstract

The handmade carpet of Iran with outstanding cultural and artistic qualities is a product that has been registered in the non-oil export basket of Iran for decades as a significant commodity. The purpose of this research is to determine the importance of indicators for assessing promotional and promotional tools for handmade carpets and to determine the priority of tools used to introduce this product to customers in foreign target markets. The statistical population of this research consists of 19 experts and expert experts in exporting handmade carpets in Tehran province. Fuzzy AHP method was used to determine the weight of each index as well as to determine the priority of promotional and promotional tools. Were placed. Also, according to the TOPSIS method, exclusive exhibitions, media, commercial ads, publications, tourism tours in Iran, sales, sales representatives, price discounts and sales awards are the top priorities. The research results include suggestions for exporters and planners in this area.
 
 

Dr Alireza Amini, Dr Esmail Mazroei Nasrabadi, Mrs Tayebeh Jafari,
Volume 14, Issue 33 (9-2018)
Abstract

Change in sales behavior during customers’ interactions based on received information about the nature of their position gives more information about their situation and needs and finally it obtains customer satisfaction and marketing effectiveness. In this study, the impact of adaptive selling behavior and mediated role of marketing emphasis on marketing effectiveness of handmade carpet has been investigated. The interest population of this research is handmade carpet dealers in Tehran city. its sample size was calculated 305 people by Cochran's formula and random sampling method was used. researchers utilized structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze gathered data. The results showed that adaptive selling behavior has direct effect on marketing emphasizes and marketing effectiveness in handmade carpet. Moreover, marketing emphasizes mediate the relationship between adaptive selling behavior and marketing effectiveness.         


Zohreh Amiri Sardari, Mr Mohim Shihaki Tash, Mr Aligholi Roshan,
Volume 15, Issue 36 (3-2020)
Abstract

Sistan's handmade carpet is a legacy left from authentic Iranian culture and tradition which is now in decline. The decline in sale has lead to reduction in production of these carpets. The purpose of this study is investigating the status of the marketing process based on the 7P model (product, price, place, promotion, people, process, physical evidence) in Sistan handmade carpet industry. This research is descriptive-survey, also sampling method is random clustering and sample volume is 81 people. The validity of the questionnaire was calculated based on the theory of professors and industry experts and its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha test and composite reliability. The collected data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares (PLS) and structural equations, the results of which showed that 6 components except the place component were significant. The results of paired comparisons of 7P components were obtained by AHP method. The results obtained from the AHP method are the most effective 7P components in the handmade carpet industry of Sistan with product weight of 0.331 and then individuals’ component with weight of 0.322.

Mrs Faeze Sabori, Dr. Mohammad Javad Taghipourian, Dr. Leila Andervazh,
Volume 15, Issue 36 (3-2020)
Abstract

Today, the speed of change in the areas of technology, software and hardware, market knowledge and even the political economy of countries on the one hand and as well as the initiative with the speed of action in business areas has made companies face the challenge, it has become the era of competition today, which contributes to the extent to which a company achieves its own goals based on export performance. Accordingly, the present study seeks to investigate The Investigating Impact of export market orientation on export performance, with the role of mediating marketing effectiveness and marketing capabilities. The research method is quantitative- survey, and which 154 executives of carpet companies are focused on as non-random available sampling, A standard questionnaire has been distributed online and personally. The results were evaluated using SPSS software in the descriptive section and according to the abnormal distribution of data based on Smart PLS of inferential section.  The results of the findings indicate that the market orientation of the export on marketing capabilities and marketing effectiveness have a significant effect on the confidence level of 0.99 and 0.95 respectively. Also, marketing capabilities and marketing effectiveness on export performance have a significant effect on the confidence level of 0.95 and 0.99, therefore, export market orientation, either directly or indirectly with the variables of marketing capabilities and marketing effectiveness on export performance of carpet export companies has a significant 99% confidence level.
Hamzeh Amin-Tahmasbi, Arezou Saltooni,
Volume 16, Issue 37 (9-2020)
Abstract

Carpets are the most important non-oil export goods in the country. However, due to the sanctions, new conditions have been created for Iran and the industry has undergone changes, losing some of its markets and the possibility of exporting has become more limited. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting the choice of Iran's export market for handwoven carpets. In this regard, after identifying the effective criteria for selecting the target market for Iranian handwoven carpets using the Likert range, the criteria of lesser importance are eliminated using Friedman's method. Then, using the fuzzy Dematel technique, the effectiveness and interaction of the criteria are calculated and finally the factors influencing the choice of the target market for the export of handwoven carpets are determined. The results of this study showed that the factors of legal environment, legal registration of Iranian names and plans, GDP, target market tastes, export through bank LC and expected quality are the most influential factors on others, respectively.
Fathemeh Bagherizadeh, Abdollah Mirzaee,
Volume 17, Issue 40 (9-2021)
Abstract

While taking advantage of the cultural and geographical bonds, the nomadic carpets of Fars province, which are one of the essential parts of Iran’s nomadic products resemble the tribal identity, culture, customs, literature, and local and practical tribal arts. The main subject of this study is the distance grown between the nomadic carpets of Fars province and their cultural and epistemic foundations, under the influence of marketization. This paper aims to identify the predisposing factors of cultural and identity changes in Fars nomadic carpets, in order to provide and set a suitable stage for the related authorities to apply the necessary solution for the matter. The main questions of this article are about: A. identifying the predisposing factors of marketization of the visual components, and B. identifying the consequences of marketization in the visual components of Fars nomadic carpets. This qualitative research was done by targeted sampling and analysis of 50 samples of Fars nomadic carpets, through the descriptive-analytical method and using data extracted from library sources and qualitative interviews. The results showed: in the last few decades, the implementation of the compulsory settlement plan for the nomadic tribes and individuals resulted in a change in the carpet makers’ lifestyle and production motivation, from producing for self-use to producing to sell in the markets. Among the effects of the marketization of Fars nomadic carpets, the prevalence of custom-made carpet production, the abandonment of the makers’ mental patterns and creativity, prioritizing the taste of the people and the market, and the change in production methods such as the influence of non-native patterns can be named; all of which lead to the reduction and fading of identity fundamentals and native and cultural authenticity of one-off unique nomadic carpets. These changes were conceptualized and introduced in the results, under the title of marketization.
 


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