Showing 24 results for Art
Mr Seyyed Mohammad Hossein Rahmati,
Volume 4, Issue 10 (9-2008)
Abstract
One of the most important factors resulting in outstanding qualities of Persian carpets is their designs. In designing a carpet, the important challenge is to strike a balance between preserving the cultural and artistic values of the design and it’s innovative. Using principles of visual arts, in this paper an attempt has been made to analyze genuine carpet designs and to identify their major features. These principles may guide designers to create new designs as genuine as the past masterpieces. The principles also may be used in evaluating the innovative designs, currently being used in Persian carpets. Applying these principles to some innovative carpet designs reveals that most of the unsuccessful designs suffer from lack of cultural values, and poor designing, composition and positioning. The paper also recommends some what-to-do and not-to-do for those carpet designs that are meant to be innovative.
Mrs Maryam Kamyar, Dr Habib-O-Llah Ayatollahi, Dr Mahmoud Tavoosi,
Volume 4, Issue 11 (3-2009)
Abstract
This article aims at studying the geometrical proportions of five types of most outstanding designs of Safavid carpets as one of the most important styles in carpet art of Iran. This research has been conducted using geometric methods of translation of measures and finding the basic module for identifying the proportions in carpets for to determination and comparison of modules with each other. Then the findings of the research have been compared with reference geometrical proportions of the Iranian geometry. Ultimately, the findings of this paper have been compared with special proportions present in decorative arts of the Timurids, Ilkhanid, and Seljuk periods, which possess special and specific proportions according to researchers, in order for determining the origin of this system of proportions. The results indicate that the carpets have general geometrical proportions. Such proportions include certain proportions between the pattern and dimensions of carpets.
Mr Bijan Arbabi,
Volume 4, Issue 11 (3-2009)
Abstract
Books and topics of traditional arts (especially hand-made carpet) have not been compiled based on scientific methods. For years, the literature of carpet design and motif is strangely non-structural and full of deficiencies; even the major writers of the field follow in others’ footsteps. This article tries to prepare the ground for a different viewpoint: a better understanding and classification of “design” and “motif” in Iranian carpets requires solid and reliable bases. Review of those books which have mentioned designs and motifs and have introduced a classification for them reveals that the definitions are heterogenic, references and structures are unknown and there are many sharp and tremendous differences among them, as if there is no cognitive and conceptual objective to be drawn from such classifications. None of such categories can be regarded as scientific, therefore design and motif shall be defined using comprehensive methods but not merely descriptive ones. Ultimately this paper proposes that “design” can be considered as the architecture and overall image of those motifs included in a text, while “motif” can be regarded as the element which portrays the design by means of its capabilities.
Dr Amir Hossein Chitsazian, Dr Habib-O-Llah Ayatollahi, Mrs Dorsa Sazgar,
Volume 5, Issue 13 (9-2009)
Abstract
European tapestries and Persian kilims are the most useful types of flat and non-pile textiles in both regions bearing differences in terms of appearance such as: design, motif and color and texture and also in terms of specific functions which have been assigned to them. This study, therefore, has been conducted with the aim of identifying and comparing these valuable handmade textiles so that it may provide some grounds for improvement and development of Persian kilims while preserving their artistic identity. Although Iranian kilims and European tapestries use similar tools and materials and weaving technologies, but due to certain cultural and spiritual characteristics of Iran and Europe, they are different in terms of designs and patterns, color compositions, sizes as well as functions. Library-based and documentary studies were performed for achieving the aim of the paper and reviewing and comparing these types of Iranian and European handmade textiles revealed many similarities and differences
Mr Mir Mohammad Asadi, Mr Mohsen Barzegari, Dr Habib Allah Mirghafoori, Mrs Zahra Sadeqi,
Volume 6, Issue 16 (9-2010)
Abstract
University is a learning institution that train students in economic, social and cultural fields and develop their professional skills which causes opportunities for their progress and prepares them to enter the working areas. The growth and spread of these institutions have led to the significance of customer-centered strategies and to improve their services. To this end, the ServQual methodology was applied to identify customer perceptions of the actual service received. However, a questionnaire consists of 5 dimensions and 27 questions used to collected the data. Finally, characteristics/quality components were prioritized with fuzzy-TOPSIS technique that meets the requirements of students as customers of the educational system. The results show that the quality of educational services are in medium level. Also, ranking of quality parameters demonstrate that visually appealing facilities and recording educational documents of students are the best and worst quality components, respectively. Some suggestions are made to improve the most significant quality parameters of educational services.
Dr Amirhosein Chitsazian, Dr Alireza Chitsazian,
Volume 6, Issue 17 (3-2011)
Abstract
Marketing mix is one of the most important devices that is used in marketing planning. Marketing mix refes to factors and controllable variables that Marketing managers use to satisfy target customers. Marketing scholars identify different factors for different products. In this research at first we proposed five factor model for carpet marketing mix. Then we tested and ranked these factors. Findings showed that historical and artistic gentility is the most important factor in marketing mix. Then promotion, product, price and at last place are other factors in marketing plan.
Mr Mohammad Ahyaee, Mrs Afsaneh Ghani,
Volume 6, Issue 17 (3-2011)
Abstract
Section 1- The research question was that what the difference between Adobe and carpet is? By decoding this code, besides revealing this esoteric relationship, many other unexplained cases about rug can be clarified. Then, concepts and variables were defined and the literature was studied. Section 2- This part dealt with methodology, and introduced population, sample, sampling design, data collection method, research tools, reliability and validity, study design, and data analysis method. Section 3- Data was described then analyzed and classified; after that questions were answered and hypothesis was tested which was confirmed. Section 4- To conclude, research findings were compared with the literature that have indicated a new viewpoint on rug issues; and finally limitations and suggestions were listed.
Mr Gholamreza Thosian Shandiz, Dr Amir Hossein Chitsazian,
Volume 11, Issue 27 (9-2015)
Abstract
Renovating carpets is done in a seating position on the floor, using simple tools. To improve the seating position of Iranian carpets renovators and reduce ergonomic problems, and to repair the connection of damaged carpet to frame, this three-phase study is carried out on 72 menders of 12 mending workshops in Shiraz, their way of working and their tools. The first phase studies symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders. The second phase studies connection of carpet to the support during mending. A proper work station was designed, based on the findings and needs of target population with simultaneous inclusion of the outcomes of the first two phases. The result of the first phase showed that most diseases or complaints are related to the knees, back and waist. It was concluded that amendments can be focused on the removal of undesirable situation of mentioned areas through design and construction of workstation. The results of the second phase show that the method of using some mending tools during mending interventions can lead into damages to the carpet and mender. The third phase of the study is based on the physical dimensions of the Iranian menders and correct connection type of rug to the support for mending designed and built workstation. Assessment of working situation is done before and after the intervention and final scores are compared in both cases. Results show that working on the designed table improve the situation of trunk and legs, but it worsens the forearm and upper arm situation. This revealed the effectiveness of corrective action. Meanwhile, using general arms to latch carpet onto the support prevented new damages to carpet
Dr Alireza Khajeh Ahmad Atari, Dr Mohammad Taghi Ashori, Bijan Arbabi, Dr Mehdi Keshavarz Afshar,
Volume 11, Issue 28 (3-2016)
Abstract
Regardless of its architectural features, garden is one of the key concepts in Persian art history from the ancient times to the Islamic period with a significant role in different arts, especially in architecture, from conceptual, formal and also contents-based points of view.
The main aim of this research is a comprehensive study of garden concept and its significant role in Safavid art and culture.
This paper is to question the status of garden in the role of epistemology and thought concept in forming many of movements and artworks of Safavid period, esp. in the art of carpet weaving.
This Historic, descriptive and analytic research with its library-based data collection method practices Michael Foucault’s discourse theory and ideas of Laclau and Mouffé to analyze the gathered information.
Results show that regarding its conceptual, determinant and regulative characteristics, the concept of garden is an epistemological discourse in forming the configuration, concept and context of Safavid art. Accordingly, garden is a dominant discourse in art and rugs of Safavid period.
Dr Abdollah Mirzaei,
Volume 14, Issue 33 (9-2018)
Abstract
The bi-quarterly of Goljaam is a journal of handwoven carpets and related field that is published by Iran Scientific Carpet Association since 1384. The main aim of this article is the content analysis of the 179 articles published in the first 30 issues of the journal. The design of the study is applied research utilizing content analysis. The findings revealed that in each of the issues 6/35% articles have been published; 57/3% of the articles were library research; 73/42% of the articles were written by male writers; more than 49/46% of the authors were PhDs; 42/69% of the articles were written by a double authors; among the university writers, Tarbiat Modarres university submitted 43 articles, Kashan university 32 articles and Shahed university 31 articles, respectively. The issues covered in the article were basically concerned with carpet design and motif (51/5%).
Alumnus Behnaz Barjesteh, Dr. Ali Nazari, Dr. Mehdi Dehghani-Zahedani,
Volume 14, Issue 33 (9-2018)
Abstract
Worthful wool products have excellent properties such as high strength, resiliency, dyeability, air imprisonment and it is comfortable that can be used easily. But this fiber has a limitation of nutrition and destruction via wool products digesting species such as Tineola bisselliella. This research evaluates silver nanoparticles efficiency accompany with citric acid stabilizing agent in protecting wool carpets against Tineola bisselliella via validity bioassay and quantifying nutrition amount of treated samples. Therefore, central composite design (CCD) statistical method was used to design experiments and response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to analyze obtained results through Design Expert statistical software. Based on this, wool carpets were exposed to Tineola bisselliella larvae with various concentrations of silver nanoparticles during different days and weight reduction amounts were quantitatively accounted, as minimum optimized, and qualitatively observed as compared with control sample. Then, using statistical analysis, optimized models were presented based on weight reduction dependent variable than independent variables such as silver nanoparticles concentration amounts and exposure days. Also, alkaline solubility was evaluated as other significant characteristic of wool carpets. Images of nutrition status in treated and control wool carpets were illustrated using light microscopy equipped with digital camera and scanning electronic microscopy. Beside, elemental analysis of optimized wool carpets was discussed through energy-dispersive spectroscopy in order to confirm silver presence. Results of this study exhibit that in optimized condition including 3.07 % silver nanoparticles, 10.0 % citric acid friendly-environment cross-linking agent, and 30 days exposure of wool carpets to Tineola bisselliella, the minimum of response variables including 0.09 % weight reduction and 3.13 % alkaline solubility, in other words, significantly highest protection of wool carpets was obtained against Tineola bisselliella.
Dr Iman Zakariaee Kermani, Badri Hakimian,
Volume 14, Issue 34 (3-2019)
Abstract
Artistic guild systems can be considered as one of the most important factors in the formation and survival of traditional arts, that is the continuation of the system of master and apprenticeship. In structure of traditional arts, artistic families are one of the components of these guild systems. Hence, we could to consider artistic families as a potential for the preservation and excellence of traditional arts. If we have a passing overview to artistic families, it will be clear that many artistic experiences and secrets pass from one generation to the next. Kerman can be considered as one of the cultural regions in the southeast of Iran from the millennia; therefore, the contexts for the growth of traditional arts has been provided in this cultural ecosystem throughout history. The rug and carpet waving is one of the most important traditional arts in Kerman. An important part of the cultural tradition of Kerman carpet is dependent on the dynamics and richness of artistic families and among the numerous artistic families in history of Kerman’s carpet, Shahrokhi's family has a significant position.
In this research, the main purpose is to answer this question: what is the role and position of artistic families in Kerman carpet with emphasis on Shahrokhi's family? Therefore, in order to achieve the main goals of the research, qualitative research method (interpretive) has been used and the data of this research have been gathered by documentary and field method (interview and observation). The results of this study have been derived from the conventional content analysis of informal interviews with 10 informed individuals in this field.
One of the most important results of this research is that the artistic families are cultural-socio-economic capacities that can boost the cultural and artistic levels of handmade carpet in Kerman. In addition, the strengthening of artistic families will strengthen the cultural values and identity of the community. The role and position of the Shahrokhi family artists in society of Kerman carpet is dependent on value systems and cultural field. In this field, economic and cultural capital causes changes in the social degree of artists and changes social degrees shape the dynamic position of them in the cultural systems. The role of artists also depends on their positions; therefore, degree, position and role are three components that are continuous and related to each other in relation to the role and position of the Shahrokhi family artists.
Ms Hoda Jafari,
Volume 15, Issue 35 (9-2019)
Abstract
Bijar Rug (Iron Rug) or Garous Rug is one of the most famous Iranian rugs in the world. Its world-wide reputation raises the question that to which historical period, does this artwork of Bijar belong? In the present study, to answer this question, the researcher has endeavored to investigate the position of mythical images and patterns in Bijar rug art, and then the mentioned images and concepts were studied in rugs with Kurdistan Baghi and Charbagh Patterns; finally codified rugs and carpets woven in Bijar were taken into consideration. The purpose of the present study was to estimate how old rug-weaving art in Garous Province is. The methodology of the research consisted of interviews, studying books, journals, and articles, and visiting the museums in order to investigate the images of Bijar Baghi, Charbagh and codified rugs. According to the researcher’s investigations, it can be stated that mythical images drawn on Bijar rug are influenced by the western civilizations of Iran Plateau appearing in the form of mythical symbols such as animals and plants; thus this rug-weaving art dates back to millenniums B.C. Also the existence of rugs woven in Safavieh, Qajar, and Pahlavi periods is the indication of prevalence and fame of this art in Iran and all over the world.
Zohreh Amiri Sardari, Mr Mohim Shihaki Tash, Mr Aligholi Roshan,
Volume 15, Issue 36 (3-2020)
Abstract
Sistan's handmade carpet is a legacy left from authentic Iranian culture and tradition which is now in decline. The decline in sale has lead to reduction in production of these carpets. The purpose of this study is investigating the status of the marketing process based on the 7P model (product, price, place, promotion, people, process, physical evidence) in Sistan handmade carpet industry. This research is descriptive-survey, also sampling method is random clustering and sample volume is 81 people. The validity of the questionnaire was calculated based on the theory of professors and industry experts and its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha test and composite reliability. The collected data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares (PLS) and structural equations, the results of which showed that 6 components except the place component were significant. The results of paired comparisons of 7P components were obtained by AHP method. The results obtained from the AHP method are the most effective 7P components in the handmade carpet industry of Sistan with product weight of 0.331 and then individuals’ component with weight of 0.322.
Abdollah Mirzaee,
Volume 15, Issue 36 (3-2020)
Abstract
The geographical expand of carpet production in Iran, has caused to use of various techniques and methods in order to convert them to carpet design cartoons. Today, two distinct and inclusive methods are common in providing carpet cartoons for urban carpets weaving in Iran named Isfahan and Tabriz methods. The purpose of this research is an explanation of the causes of difference in the coloring and pointing cartoons of carpet designs in these two main carpet weaving regions. For this purpose, first, by comparative studying of the color and dotting methods of Isfahan and Tabriz carpet cartoons, the differences between them were extracted. Then, the reasons for these differences were studied with emphasis on the structural and technical factors of these two regions carpets. The results showed the common styles of design and production in each region and the level of mutual understanding of the complex human beings involved in the production system with respect to each other's actions plays a pivotal role in changing the color and dotting methods of carpet designs. Qua in Isfahan, persuasion to the existing situation and the traditionalism of producers and even audiences towards the institutional situation has led to the continued use of classic and traditional designs in carpet cartoons, and the consequently no need to invent different color schemes and design dotting. On the other hand, the intrinsic and historical orientation towards innovation and modernity among the human beings of Tabriz carpet producers has made the carpet designers to personalize their action with the tendency to use realistic motifs and hybrid flowers. Therefore, without changing the traditional color and dotting methods, these cartoons are not meaningful and readable for the majority of carpet weavers. To solve this problem, Tabriz Carpet Designers with the beforehand knowledge of the ability of well-experienced and connoisseur weavers, have invented various methods and techniques to make readable their designs to these carpet weavers.
Fateme Torkashvand, Mehran Houshiar, Mehdi Keshavarz Afshar,
Volume 15, Issue 36 (3-2020)
Abstract
The advent of digital implements and techniques in the modern world, has changed the quality of the human life and also has influenced the traditional art of the nations. The traditional design as the most important step which the artistic creation take place in, has been affected by these evolutions and specially the arts like carpet are being influenced the most. Due to the two decades passing from entrance and stabilization of digital implements and techniques in Iran carpet design, it is indispensable to study their impacts in order to identify the threats and opportunities of these new tools in traditional art. On the other hand, artists and experts of this scope are the most competent references to evaluate the quality of these impacts. Accordingly, this study has been conducted to determine the impacts of digital implements and techniques on the traditional design through analyzing the ideas of the experts working in Iran carpet design scope. This is a qualitative research and its data has been collected through the library and the field survey methods by the in-depth interview with 9 persons of carpet design experts and artists and has been organized by Delphi method. Then they have been analyzed in the framework of grounded theory. The consequences of this study show that the carpet design experts have a consensus on synthesized attitude, admission of computer as a necessity or an opportunity and using it to preserve the artistic and cultural identity.
Maryam Mohammadisani, Esmaeil Mazroui Nasrabadi, Fathali Ghashghaeifar,
Volume 15, Issue 36 (3-2020)
Abstract
Customer satisfaction is essential for the survival of the organization. In recent years, Iran's hand woven carpet market has been occupied by rivals. This position is due to the lack of attention to customer satisfaction; hence, in this research, the identification and prioritization of the effective factors on the satisfaction of hand woven carpets customers is discussed. This research is done in two stages. In the first step, Delphi was used and in the second step, the Topsis method was used. The statistical population of this research in the first stage is handmade carpet experts and in the second step is hand carpet customers in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. The first sample size is 15 people and the second sample size is 400 people using the Morgan table. The results of the research showed that the factors affecting the satisfaction of handmade carpets customers classified into 9 categories that are pre-sale, sales, after sales services, quality features, process characteristics, distribution system, economics, valuation, and artistic features. By using the Topsis method, the characteristics of the arts are all the more important and, in comparison with the whole of the factors, the component of the originality of the carpet is all the more important. As a result, it is proposed to work to preserve the originality of the handmade carpet, through the design and production of original carpets in accordance with the needs of today's customer and the prediction of its future needs.
Shahdokht Rahimpour, Ashkan Rahmani,
Volume 17, Issue 39 (8-2021)
Abstract
Nomadic hands-woven are the most important manifestation of indigenous and tribal art. This is representing a set of social and cultural characteristics of nomadic life. In the Qashqai tribe, storage bags are one of the practical products of the women of the tribe. The production of many practical fabrics has become obsolete due to the change in the life structure of tribe, the settlement of nomads, the migration of a large number of nomads to rural and urban areas, the replacement of cheap goods in accordance with the needs of life. The purpose of this study is to identify the structural and functional characteristics of this type of hands-woven in the Qashqai tribe and to study these products based on the anthropology of art. The data collection of this research is based on field research and library study. The research finding is presented by descriptive-analytical method. Storage weavings in various sizes were chosen as indicators in accordance with the needs of nomadic life. Women artists and the choice of weaving technique of hand-woven fabrics are defined in accordance with their function. The index is a strong sign of the artist’s creative performance and expresses the artist’s agency and the headline expresses the artist’s position. As an indicator, these hands-woven play a central role, which is also the heritage of the tribal community and a factor for the continuation of the weaving style process that has remained to this day.
Azam Rasooli,
Volume 18, Issue 41 (9-2022)
Abstract
The expressive features of handmade carpets are defined as the most prominent Iranian traditional arts in the context of collective traditions. The carpet with this intrinsic component, has been used by many Iranian and non-Iranian artists in contemporary art that has an individualistic character. The manner of representation of the carpet as text in contemporary artworks and its referential, semantic and functional implications, is the issue of this research. Therefore, the transtextual approach of Genette has been used to read these works, which is text-oriented and based on intertextual relationships. The purpose of this study is to introduce the capacities and expressive capabilities of the carpet in contemporary art. The works of two artists who have characteristics related to the subject of research have been selected and studied based on a descriptive-analytical method. The nature of this research is developmental and in the form of qualitative research. The data collection method is a library - documentary, observation of works and tools for data collection are research paper and using modern scanning tools. Based on the results, carpet as a text in combination with texts and new branches of contemporary art, is used in a completely individualistic expression, visual function and concepts beyond the carpet itself.The carpet is in service of the artist's ideas and concepts and not as carpets, but it has become a work in contemporary art itself. It was also found in the study of the samples, Hypertextualite, Paratextualite and Intertextuality of Transtextualiet Types, allowed and guided the interpretation and reception of the semantic and expressive implications of carpet and understanding the existing relationships with other textual, linguistic and artistic (visual) systems, and they are considered a good approach to carpet study.
, Farhad Babajamali, ,
Volume 18, Issue 41 (9-2022)
Abstract
Most of the obstacles to development as well as the decrease in the production and export of handwoven carpets in the economic dimension are attributed to factors such as lack of marketing, exchange rate instability, international sanctions, wages and cost of production raw materials, and lack of government support. In this research, while accepting these factors in handwoven carpets and their significant effects, the very important issue of the functioning of organizations based on the economic-institutional approach has been addressed in this field. The purpose of this research is to investigate the functioning of organizations based on the theory of Douglas C. North, the economist of institutionalism, in the hand-woven carpet, is the period of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Collecting materials using library method (documents) and collecting data using in-depth interview method and then using qualitative analysis method with a thematic approach and trying to identify the components, especially influential institutions, and then analyze them. . Also, theoretical saturation has been used to measure the number of interviewsAnd the interviews continued until a new idea was not discovered. The interviewed samples were compiled based on the necessary expertise and the questions were compiled accordingly, which were coded, categorized, and analyzed using maxQDA software, which yielded significant results. Has been achieved. The investigations of this research show; One of the important institutional challenges is the absence of a powerful civil society, and the inactivity of the organizations, A: increases the cost of exchange (the lack of national cohesion of handwoven carpet guilds and :union:s to solve their problems). B: It leaves the rights of different sections of the society, which are realized based on bargaining, to political groups or the wishes of politicians. A: In an open access society, access to productive economic rent is for everyone and not only Faradistan, which is the important need for legal equality and freedom and independence of independent organizations and organizations, and if this powerful civil society does not exist Open access will not be possible.
