Showing 14 results for Iranian Carpet
Mr Seyed Mohammad Mehdi Mirzaamini, Mr Daryoush Kazempour,
Volume 8, Issue 22 (3-2013)
Abstract
The Safavid Era is considered as the golden age of Iranian carpet history, which in addition to beauty of pattern, motif and color, has yielded worthwhile concepts on its carpets. The lion motif is one of those motifs on carpets of Safavid Era which have been depicted as both a prey and a hunter. Repetition of, and emphasis on this motif, which contains diverse concepts and senses in Iranian and Islamic cultures as well as gnostic viewpoints, raise this question that what concepts are manifested by the motif of lion. Mowlana regards the lion as the symbol of God, God's names and traits, the symbol of fate, people of virtue and saints as well as symbol of Mohammad Prophet, Hazrat Ali, wisdom, thinking and even sensuality. However, in his view, the concept of the lion is further interpreted to be human and perfect human rather than other symbols. A meaningful relationship, in the visual and conceptual studies, can be seen among lion motif in the view of Mowlana and on Safavid carpets. In more than 10 samples of the carpets, where the lion motifs studied in different situation and diverse positions, it was observed and implied that the lion, after unwieldy and difficult struggle, reaches to the center of the universe, i.e. the medallion of the carpet, and finally attain human-like lion degree. This concept also is reflected in the ideas of Mowlana. This study has been performed using library method, as well as the case study of carpets of Safavid using content analysis method and by comparison of samples.
Mr Gholamreza Tousian Shandiz, Dr Amir Hossein Chitsazian, Dr Mehrnaz Azadi, Mr Fathali Ghashghaeefar,
Volume 9, Issue 24 (3-2014)
Abstract
Iranian carpet is a valuable and applied art treasure among the human arts that has been representative of Iranian culture and potentials since ancient times. Over the ages, this glorioushand-woven artwork has been subjected to damage and risks that sometimes have leads to destruction of some of its finest samples.Subsequently, some people have started repairingthe damaged carpetssometimes for earning their livelihood and some due to their passion for art. However, these repairs aren’t always correct and scientific, and lack of proper understanding of damage, damaging elements and lack of required skills in rug restoration have led to accelerated carpet destruction. In this research, damages, extent of damagesas well as scale of damagesare studied in Iranian carpet. So, at first major damaging factors, i.e. human, physical, biological and chemical factors have been studied and then the scale of damages including naps, knots, woofs, and cordshave been dealt with.Subsequently, they are groupedintoinner-structural,outer-structural and marginalgroups. Such classification is more detailed comparing former researches and also presents a new way to grouping the damages. In the field study section, some samples of these three groups along with the reasons for such damages are presented. Research findings show that many of inner-structural damages are related to the phase prior to weaving and during the weaving.Sound perception of the damagingelements and types and level of damage can be used for appropriate restoration without destroying the originality of the carpets.
Mr Gholamreza Thosian Shandiz, Dr Amir Hossein Chitsazian,
Volume 11, Issue 27 (9-2015)
Abstract
Renovating carpets is done in a seating position on the floor, using simple tools. To improve the seating position of Iranian carpets renovators and reduce ergonomic problems, and to repair the connection of damaged carpet to frame, this three-phase study is carried out on 72 menders of 12 mending workshops in Shiraz, their way of working and their tools. The first phase studies symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders. The second phase studies connection of carpet to the support during mending. A proper work station was designed, based on the findings and needs of target population with simultaneous inclusion of the outcomes of the first two phases. The result of the first phase showed that most diseases or complaints are related to the knees, back and waist. It was concluded that amendments can be focused on the removal of undesirable situation of mentioned areas through design and construction of workstation. The results of the second phase show that the method of using some mending tools during mending interventions can lead into damages to the carpet and mender. The third phase of the study is based on the physical dimensions of the Iranian menders and correct connection type of rug to the support for mending designed and built workstation. Assessment of working situation is done before and after the intervention and final scores are compared in both cases. Results show that working on the designed table improve the situation of trunk and legs, but it worsens the forearm and upper arm situation. This revealed the effectiveness of corrective action. Meanwhile, using general arms to latch carpet onto the support prevented new damages to carpet
Mohammadreza Shahparvari , Dr Jalaledin Bassam ,
Volume 12, Issue 29 (9-2016)
Abstract
Carpet is one of the Iranian arts that is shaped in direct interaction with designers and weavers and therefore is a visual expression of their beliefs and ideas. This statement of beliefs, originates from the artist’s mentality influenced by culture, customs and religious teachings of society which is then traced on the vertexes of the carpet in different arrays and in the form of various designs. For this reason, various issues have been incorporated in carpet with a symbolic expression and each imply a cultural and religious concept. In the mist of this, numbers have a deep root in the culture of this country and was divided into two types: quantitative and qualitative. Qualitative aspect, or in other words, the symbolic and meaningful dimension of numbers has long been in consideration and the application of numbers in the arts of this country can be considered as a sign of the grand position of the symbolic aspect of numbers in different eras.
This article reviews the place and symbolic use of numbers in carpet with analytical method and library data collection. The results show that the numbers one, three, four, five, six, seven and eight have been symbolically used in different carpet designs. This application implies that the organization of images and designs has been based on the symbolic meanings of these numbers. Furthermore, it can be been seen that some carpet patterns and designs have been named based on their numerical format, thus strengthening the role of numbers in carpet and conveying the symbolic meaning they possess. These patterns, which are influenced by the cultural and religious teachings of the society, have been employed by designers and weavers and have been the source of inspiration for their designs.
Abdollah Mirzaee, Dr Mohammadtaghi Pirbabaei, Dr Azam Ravadrad, Dr Mohammad Abbaszadeh, Dr Ali Vandshoari,
Volume 12, Issue 29 (9-2016)
Abstract
The purpose of this article is sociological explanation of Iran's contemporary carpet designing system to recognizing of the evolution or the stability in its carpet designing schools. For this aim, first we selected and compared 20 sample carpets among the woven carpets of Tabriz and Esfahan in the past 10 years with the same number of Tabriz and Esfahan carpets that are woven at 40 to 60 years ago. With these compare probabilistic caused changes in design, pattern and color of this carpets had shown. The results show that deflection from traditional designing bases in Tabriz contemporary carpets is visible and fast. Versus changing of these bases in Esfahan carpets is according to rules and course frame of Iranian traditional design and is continuing its natural proses.
This article is theoretically related to the field of sociology and emphasizes on Anthony Giddens's structuration theory. In Accordance with structuration theory, had studied reasons of the evolution or the stability in identical component of Esfahan and Tabriz carpets. The findings of the study indicate that, any change in the rules and resources of proceeding at each of the schools of Iranian carpet design, will caused changes in its entirety system. Therefore stability of the rules and resources of action in Esfahan causes the persistence of Iranian classical design school in this city, inverse the fluidity of the rules and resources in Tabriz causes consecutive changes in School of Tabriz carpet designing.
A descriptive analytic approach and field study-library based data collection were the research methods used in the present study
Mrs Seyedeh Akram Oliyaei Tabaei, Mr Mohammad Reza Shahparvari, Mr Seyed Mohammad Mehdi Mirzaamini,
Volume 13, Issue 31 (9-2017)
Abstract
Electronic advertising is a process that in addition to the introduction of the product and after-sales service, to inspire customers by means of the Internet for shopping. Electronic advertising due to high speed and low cost marketing of goods is concerned. Due to the expansion of this new advertising method in the present society, This study aimed to assess the views of carpet on Internet advertising to increase the effectiveness and credibility based on consumer behavior has been done. The need for careful attention to the fact that the position of Iranian carpet as a floor due to a variety of consumer products according to existing tools and on the impact of advertising on consumer behavior and the approach to be considered further. Thus, with regard to the purpose of this research and the need to position electronic advertising on the carpet, The questions raised in this research is the most important of which is the Can Carpet electronic advertising models based on consumer behavior be evaluated? Which of the dynamics of communication and content on cognitive reactions, emotions and attitudes affect consumers?
The field study was conducted and documents and questionnaires for data collection library that the population of 103 was selected based on Morgan table. The population of the Iranian Internet users, all of which, they are familiar to the field of handmade carpets that somehow exposed to Internet advertising carpet or carpet had been linked sites, which have been included in the questionnaire. The aim of this study is to validate Internet advertising associated with carpet, a model based on the behavior of consumers as to the quality of the product offered good advertising. The results show that drivers with 0/51 cognitive impact on consumer response and 0/42 impact on the emotional response of consumers have the greatest impact 0/32 erotic content and cognitive impact on consumer response and the impact on the emotional response of consumers 0/28 and priorities more accurately to stimuli content of the communication driver. The drivers of content and communication have not been any impact on consumer attitudes according to the research that is necessary for the impact on Internet advertising content is associated with greater emphasis carpet.
Davood Shadlou, Phd Ali Asghar Shirazi,
Volume 13, Issue 32 (3-2018)
Abstract
During 19th century a wave of orientalism culminated and lots of orientalists departed for the eastern lands with various motivations. They started to research and write on the eastern societies, cultures, civilizations and arts, including carpets. Historiography, study of motives and designs and weave-geography of eastern carpets were of the most important points orientalists focused on. This paper is to recognize and study on the orientalists’ resources and their approach to the Iranian carpet and also to find their faults.
This is a documentary research and its method is descriptive and analytical. The statistical population is the orientalists’ available written works (books, articles and exhibition catalogues) which are written between 1850 and 1950. The method of analysis is qualitative.
The research’s results indicate orientalists’ approaches are categorized into two basic groups (Berlin and Wien Schools), but their written works cannot be assumed as historiography, but as historical sources.
The main defects in orientalists’ studies are: their mere focus on museum carpets and library studies, inattention to empirical research, assuming their data and results as definite facts, determining false weave places for carpets, faults in dating, inattention to the carpets’ origins and cultural grounds. However, the Iranian researchers are deeply influenced by the orientalists’ researches and historiographies, and this paper focuses on these influences.
Dr Rasoul Abbasi, Mrs Zohre Kazemi,
Volume 14, Issue 33 (9-2018)
Abstract
The handmade carpet of Iran with outstanding cultural and artistic qualities is a product that has been registered in the non-oil export basket of Iran for decades as a significant commodity. The purpose of this research is to determine the importance of indicators for assessing promotional and promotional tools for handmade carpets and to determine the priority of tools used to introduce this product to customers in foreign target markets. The statistical population of this research consists of 19 experts and expert experts in exporting handmade carpets in Tehran province. Fuzzy AHP method was used to determine the weight of each index as well as to determine the priority of promotional and promotional tools. Were placed. Also, according to the TOPSIS method, exclusive exhibitions, media, commercial ads, publications, tourism tours in Iran, sales, sales representatives, price discounts and sales awards are the top priorities. The research results include suggestions for exporters and planners in this area.
Mrs Faeze Sabori, Dr. Mohammad Javad Taghipourian, Dr. Leila Andervazh,
Volume 15, Issue 36 (3-2020)
Abstract
Today, the speed of change in the areas of technology, software and hardware, market knowledge and even the political economy of countries on the one hand and as well as the initiative with the speed of action in business areas has made companies face the challenge, it has become the era of competition today, which contributes to the extent to which a company achieves its own goals based on export performance. Accordingly, the present study seeks to investigate The Investigating Impact of export market orientation on export performance, with the role of mediating marketing effectiveness and marketing capabilities. The research method is quantitative- survey, and which 154 executives of carpet companies are focused on as non-random available sampling, A standard questionnaire has been distributed online and personally. The results were evaluated using SPSS software in the descriptive section and according to the abnormal distribution of data based on Smart PLS of inferential section. The results of the findings indicate that the market orientation of the export on marketing capabilities and marketing effectiveness have a significant effect on the confidence level of 0.99 and 0.95 respectively. Also, marketing capabilities and marketing effectiveness on export performance have a significant effect on the confidence level of 0.95 and 0.99, therefore, export market orientation, either directly or indirectly with the variables of marketing capabilities and marketing effectiveness on export performance of carpet export companies has a significant 99% confidence level.
Sasan Samanian, Sareh Bahmani,
Volume 15, Issue 36 (3-2020)
Abstract
The Iranian Carpet Museum collection contains the most valuable specimens of rugs from the ninth century AH to the contemporary period and is a rich source of research for researchers and art friends. Carpet Museum carpets and carpets, according to their quality and antiquity and taking into account the characteristics of carpet in terms of color, design, role, texture and variety of carpet weaving areas are preserved. The museum is built on two floors, the first floor of which is a permanent display of 150 pieces of carpet and the second floor is intended for specialized and seasonal exhibitions.
In this empirical-analytical study with environmental studies, sampling as well as library and laboratory studies, we have identified and introduced appropriate light levels for the storage of museum carpets with natural fibers, thus In order to perform tensile strength test of museum carpets because it is not possible to perform tests on museum rugs and it is necessary to fabricate rugs in accordance with the statistical population studied, weave samples of natural fibers of wool, cotton and Silk is done. Finally, according to the data obtained from the test of tensile strength of carpet in line with the length and width of the samples, analysis of variance, Toki and LSD tests can be concluded that light has a destructive effect on the carpet and reduces the tensile strength of the carpet and It has a significant effect on the tensile strength of carpets.
Mohammad Ali Espanani, ,
Volume 16, Issue 37 (9-2020)
Abstract
Bid Majnun( weeping willow) design is in the invaluable position because of being one of the most famous patterns among Persian rugs as well as their local varieties. Although it seems that there is not a particular region for the creation of this design , old samples have been observed in the north-west areas of Iran especially in Bidjar(Bijar). Such evidence may imply that Bidjar has been the source of this pattern. Using broken and semi-curvilinear lines and average weave cause to consider such rugs as local ones. Basic elements of these rugs are motifs such as weeping willow, cedar, poplar and fruit trees. These features in a balanced combination have made a common pattern which has been used in Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari province, the north-west areas of Iran and even in the other countries. This study attempts to reveal different varieties and the construction of the pattern of Bid Majnun through analysis of 20 samples from the main local areas in Iran. This research has been conducted by using descriptive statistics based on the comparison of the data. Data collection procedure has been accomplished by using field and library-based studies. As was briefly mentioned before, the results show that Bid Majnun design has a unique structure with a special design in different regions. Meanwhile, a little change in the construction of motifs has caused some variation in the pattern of Bid Majnun.
Key words: Bid Majnun Design, vagireh, construction of the patterns , Iranian carpet weaving , rural rugs
Rezvan Ahmadi Payam, Effatolsadat Afzaltousi, Mahdi Keshavarzafshar,
Volume 16, Issue 37 (9-2020)
Abstract
The border in Iranian carpets is an embossed and decorative frame embedded around the weaving. The presence and necessity of using borders in the sales of different historical periods is a noteworthy point through which the independence of the structural elements in the most basic sales can be identified. By examining the existence of borders and their quality in the products belonging to the pre-Islamic periods, we can consider answering the following two questions:
What are the relationships between the motifs components, dimensions and size of the borders and the context of the studied carpets?
What is the position of the borders in the oldest examples, especially the tied piled samples?
The collection of information in the present study is based on library data and the research benefits from a descriptive-analytical method. By studying various resources such as written documents, image of carpets reflected in other arts, and examining a few of the surviving handwoven fragments, the existence of borders in examples (piled and flatwave) belonging to pre-Islamic periods was recorded. The proportions between the border and the context of the carpets (piled) was examined in terms of type of motifs, size and proportions in proportion with the context. The research population in this study is pre-Islamic weavings that can be studied are 6 samples piled and flatwave. Pazyryk carpet, as the oldest example, has a visual relationship and full coordination of the role in the borders and background, and this point was reduced in the products of the Sassanid period. The dimensional proportions of the border and the background of the Pazyryk carpet are far from the principles of modern border design in the carpet, but in the Sassanid examples, these principles are more closely related to the current rules.Visual qualities in the Pazyryk carpet can point to the presence of borders in artistic productions with a doctrinal and cultural theme. But in Sassanid examples, the border is reduced to the size of a decorative frame without visual qualities.
Alireza Shiri, Gholamreza Hashemzadeh Khorasgani, Nasrin Akhoundi, Fazlollah Jamalou,
Volume 17, Issue 39 (8-2021)
Abstract
The hand-woven carpet industry has faced many challenges due to internal and external factors. The use of scientific and pre-planned methods through which the impacts of these factors can be mitigated or eliminated can lead to the prosperity of this influential industry on culture, economy, and social life. Presenting a model for product development is one of these scientific methods. The product development model is used to ensure the realization of customers' demands and satisfaction regarding the product and procedures, increase quality and reduce the wastage from the phase of collecting customers' requirements to the production phase and delivery of the product to the end-user, and even supervision over after-sales services and collection of the feedback, patterns, standards, procedures, and methods. On the other hand, the process of development and production of the new products has undergone great changes due to the increase in global risks, the fast changes in customers' needs and wants, and the increased risk-taking, which has focused the attention on agility strategies in production procedures. The present study seeks to present an exclusive product development model for the Iranian hand-woven carpet industry adopting an agility approach. The study first conducts desk research to investigate goods and service development models and agile production models and proceeds to filter the indicators extracted from the studied models using expert opinions and fuzzy Delphi technique, the result of which is the compilation of 47 indicators selected by the experts out of the 147 total indicators. Afterward, measures were taken to achieve specific indicators since hand-woven carpet production is different from most other industries in nature. For this purpose, open-ended interviews and theoretical saturation (snowball technique) were used to collect new data through interviews with experts. The interviews continued to the point of theoretical saturation. In the next stage, the grounded method was used to extract codes from the open-ended interview transcripts, the result of which was the compilation of 31 new indicators. Eventually, the indicators obtained from the two methods were integrated and the exclusive model for this industry was developed using the Atlas. ti v.8 software. The final model is made up of eight main dimensions, seven sub-dimensions, and 47 sub-indicators.
Naser Seifollahi, , ,
Volume 17, Issue 40 (9-2021)
Abstract
Abstract
The rapid increase in production and competition in the international arena of the carpet industry, has highlighted the competition for very sensitive manufacturers and branding as one of the competitive strategies of industry activists. The present study aims to identify a model for successful branding in the carpet industry. According to the systematic model of the data theory of the foundation, well-known experts, manufacturers and exporters with a history of carpets were selected for the statistical community. Industry experts in the statistical population were selected by Purposive sampling method and 15 in-house carpet industry experts were interviewed as an example of in-depth research, which resulted in three stages of data adequacy. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data and data analysis was performed by Strauss and Corbin method and paradigm model and MAXQDA software. The results of the analysis of the data obtained from the interviews, during the open, pivotal and selective coding processes, led to the formation of a model of leading brand creation factors in the carpet industry based on the data processing theory of the foundation. Based on the systematic approach in data theory, the identified codes were divided into 6 core categories including causal conditions, content category, contextual conditions, interfering factors, strategies and consequences. Finally, a model for successful branding in the carpet industry was identified. Having a competitive advantage, a strong marketing position, recognizing the needs of the market and the customer, solving economic and political problems are important factors in the development of the carpet brand in domestic and international markets
