Quarterly Scientific-Research Goljaam

European tapestries and Persian kilims are the most useful types of flat and non-pile textiles in both regions bearing differences in terms of appearance such as: design, motif and color and texture and also in terms of specific functions which have been assigned to them. This study, therefore, has been conducted with the aim of identifying and comparing these valuable handmade textiles so that it may provide some grounds for improvement and development of Persian kilims while preserving their artistic identity. Although Iranian kilims and European tapestries use similar tools and materials and weaving technologies, but due to certain cultural and spiritual characteristics of Iran and Europe, they are different in terms of designs and patterns, color compositions, sizes as well as functions. Library-based and documentary studies were performed for achieving the aim of the paper and reviewing and comparing these types of Iranian and European handmade textiles revealed many similarities and differences

The textile of the Bakhtiarian's nomadic have many changes during of periods .This alterations will have continued, but some of that ,have a collection of designs that come from the mind of Bakhtiarian woman ,who teach them from her deceased, these study tried to collect the motifs that have many unknown meanings. The aim of this research is to introduce these motifs and try to field study. But the main purpose of this study is to reviving the traditional Bakhtiarian motifs and avoid of its separating and abandoning and also the use of these motifs in new art works and the life of people

During collecting information regarding “kilims” in Chaharmahal-va-Bakhtiari province, it was understood that whatever we recognize under the general term of “Khorjin” can be divided into three categories: small, normal and big ones as described below. (1) Small Khorjins (50×25 cm) which are weaved in both parts of province, i.e. Chaharmahal & also Bakhtiari. They are used for keeping expensive things and objects, documents and also women personal things. (2) Normal Khorjins (100×50 cm) which are weaved for caring foods, things and usual tools which are related to person's job. These Khorjins are produced by Chaharmahalies and Ghashghaies. (3) Big Khorjins (150×100 cm) which are weaved to displace large amount of loads, dresses and light beds. Just Bakhtiari people produce them. Most of these hand-woven items are produced with simple Kilim method, but for weaving some of them, people use pile techniques and some special and important weaving methods special to this province and known as “Rendi” and “Soozani”. From viewpoint of designing, these beautiful products have some designs which are originated from the beliefs and customs of these people or are produced by these tact weavers in the case of being impressed by surrounding environment, or by using geometrical drawings. Apart form ownership issue, safe-keeping and producing something that meet human's needs, the most important thing regarding them is their beautiful coloring schemes and wonderful drawings which delights their viewers.

 Nomadic "salt bags" are a group of nomadic textiles which are less known in comparison with other nomadic weavings such as carpets, rugs, kilims, etc. These functional bags are generally found among other nomadic products. They have special features in form, structure, texture, color, pattern, motifs, and decoration which all make their examination significant besides studing other nomadic products. Afshars of Kerman -as an example in here- having a long history in weaving, are among those nomads which have various and noteworthy salt bags. Afshari salt bags are generally woven by women and are expressive of Afshars’ characteristics, though the effects of outer cultures are discernible in them. For this reason, in this article, it is tried to study Afshari tribe, their weaving history, as well as their former geographic realm, and eventually the influences of the other regions on their weavings. Therefore an overall recognition and understanding of their products -especially salt bags- may be built up and the originality of patterns and other properties may be determined. In this connection, the aesthetic and physical aspects of salt bags were studied and analyzed, and the acquired information was compared with weaves of other tribes as well.